英语论文网

Chapter Three Methodology....... 23
3.1 Research questions......... 23
3.2 Research participants ..... 23
3.3 Instruments ...... 24
3.4 Procedures........ 25
3.5 Data collection ........ 33
Chapter Four Results and discussion .......35
4.1 Results and analysis of the questionnaires........ 35
4.2 Results and analysis of the listening proficiency tests.... 39
4.3 Results and analysis of the heterogeneous groups and homogeneous groups .......... 45
Chapter Five Conclusion.......53
5.1 Major findings of the study.......... 53
5.2 Pedagogical implications ...... 53
5.3 Limitations of the study ........ 54
5.4 Suggestions for future study ........ 55

Chapter Two Literature review

This chapter first introduces the cooperative learning, including the definition, thetypes, basic elements and some approaches of cooperative learning. Then the theoreticalfoundations of the cooperative learning are discussed. Meanwhile, the application ofcooperative learning in listening comprehension is discussed. Finally, the relatedresearches abroad and at home on cooperative learning are also mentioned.

2.1 Introduction to cooperative learning
CL theory which sprang up in American in the 1970s has long history. It has beendefined in many different ways, but the definition of it still cannot be made up so far. Thereare some major representative statements as follow:Johnson and Johnson (1991) describe that cooperative learning is the joint efforts ofsmall group to maximize their own structure, students group in many small groups work incooperation to solve a common problem or to perform an assignment presented by teacher.Kagan (1994) explains CL as cooperative group learning activities are organized sothat learning is completely dependent on the socially structured which learners haveresponsible to exchange information and motivate to improve others’ learning. Cooperativelearning provides an equal opportunity for every student to participate in the activities andencourage each student to make joint efforts and contribute to the group.Cohen (1994) defines CL as in order to finish the task that has been clearly distributed,different small groups work together, the important thing is to keep everyone can take partin the cooperate job. All the students hope that they achieve their assignment with nodirections or supervision from the teacher. Meanwhile, Cohen point out that teacher is notan instructor any longer, but to be an organizer, helper and guider during the whole class.
......

2.2 Theoretical foundations of cooperative learning
Cooperative learning is a kind of compound activities, base solidly on various theories.As a popular and effective practice in many countries all over the world, its majortheoretical perspectives are as follows:·Social interdependence theory·Motivational theory·Developmental theory·Cognitive elaboration theorySocial interdependence theory is supposed to be an important theory dealing withcooperative learning. In the early 1900s, one of the founders of Gestalt psychology, Kafka,proposes that groups are dynamic wholes in which interdependence among members couldvary. One 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。