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1.2 Objectives of the Study
The objetives of this study can be illustrated as follows: (1)  to  reveal  that  past  participles  are  not  just  inflectional  forms  of  verbs  by empirical  study  but  many  of  them  have  lexicalized  as  independent  lexemes  and belong to certain word class categories. (2)  to  probe  into  lexicalization  of  past  participles  on  the  basis  of  the  theory  of Language  as  a  Complex  Adaptive  System.  In  addition,  we  can  provide  an  effective method by usage pattern retrieval in corpora to judge whether a form or a usage has been conventionalized and can be recorded in dictionaries. (3)  to  optimize  the  compilation  of  dictionaries.  In  Chinese/Chinese  foreign language  dictionary  compilation,  there  is  such  a  confusion  that  whether  new  words, hot  word  should  be  recorded  in  dictionaries.  Even  there  exists  a  phenomenon  that within  the  same  type  of  words,  some  have  been  recorded  in  dictionaries  as independent  entries,  but  others  are  not.  It  involves  the  problem  of  lexicalization. Therefore, the study will take Oxford Advanced Leaner’s Dictionary (8th ed) published in  2010  for  example  to  do  research  on  treatment  in  the  dictionary  of  the  past participles  in  modern  English,  so  as  to  provide  the  reference  for  processing  standard in modern dictionary compilation and deepen the study of lexicalization. 
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Chapter Two   Literature Review  

2.1 Introduction  
Lexicalization is one of crucial evolutionary processes of languages, which does not  just  exist  in  several  languages  but  a  general  phenomenon  of  all  languages.  In addition,  lexicalization  is  also  a  critical  approach  to  getting  word-hood  for  language structure. Therefore, it is a key point for us to get a good knowledge of formation of language system. It has been taken as a hot topic by lots of scholars to probe into. In modern  English,  it  is  a  controversial  topic  to  judge  whether  some  past  participles, such as interested, are just inflectional forms or products of lexicalization. As to past participles  in  modern  English,  they  are  main  parts  for  English  syntax,  which  also draws many scholars’ attention.  In  this  chapter,  we  have  reviewed  previous  studies  of  lexicalization  and  past participles.  Only  by  grasping  those  existing  studies  and  a本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。