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2.1   Approaches to the Studies on Preposition 
The  approaches  to  preposition  can  be  divided  into  two  types:  traditional approach and cognitive approach.  Traditional  approach  to  preposition  puts  the  main  focus  on  the  collocations  of preposition  rather  than  preposition  itself.  And  this  approach  holds  that  the  most principal  function  of  a  preposition  is  to  indicate  the  relationship  between  it  and  its collocations. Starting from this perspective, some traditional linguists have conducted their studies. For example, the senses of IN were first studied by Wood (1967:44-50). He  concluded  that  there  were  twenty  seven  customary  senses  and  five  particular usages of it, but he viewed the various senses of preposition as unrelated and arbitrary. Another  traditional  representative  is  Ullman.  He  studies  the  sense  expansion  of  a word  from  the  perspective  of  pragmatics  and  word  forming,  also  ignoring  the  inner connections among the various senses of the word (1967:159). Quirk, et al. conducted an  overall  investigation  on  preposition.  They  took  preposition  as  a  grammatical particle  to  convey  the  relationship  between  a  prepositional  complement  and  another part of the sentence, which resembles Wood’s study on preposition, and they divided the senses of a preposition into four categories: spatial, time, cause/purpose spectrum and  the  means/agentive  spectrum  (Quirk,  et  al,  1985:657-716).  Among  the  four categories,  the  spatial  sense  of  preposition  is  the  most  principal  and  used  most frequently. Just as Quirk, et al. (ibid.) confirmed that a preposition is mainly used to indicate space in relation to the dimensional properties of the location concerned.  Although  they  have  further  developed  and  have  made  a  significant  contribution to  the  study  of  preposition,  they  still  remain  at  a  very  superficial  level  with  the following  reasons:  firstly,  they  only  pointed  out  the  various  senses  of  a  preposition, failing  to  explore  the  inner  relations  or  connections  among  them;  secondly,  they mixed up the syntactic functions and semantic functions of a preposition. Because of the  above  deficits  of  the  traditional  approach  to  the  studies  on  preposition  sense,  a new  approach  that  can  be  more  explainable  to  the  senses  of  preposition  is  urgently needed.  <本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。