《老人与海》象征主义探究 [4]
论文作者: 佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-04编辑:黄丽樱点击率:17004
论文字数:7123论文编号:org200904041023516254语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:Ernest Hemingwaythe symbolic factorsiceberg theorythe living environmentphilosophy of life海明威象征因素冰山原理生存环境人生观
s the best in all his life. Hemingway realizes that he can gain a good fame by the fulfilling of The Old Man and the sea. “I will do my best to write better later on, but it will be very difficult …I am special writer, I know how things stand.” ①The old man also realizes that “eighty-fifth” is a lucky day, “I can seize a big fish of one thousand pounds”②. After the old man catches the biggest fish that he has never seen, he has already exhausted, his hands are not only deserted, but also full of scars.
In my opinion, the portraying of the old man who is “a loser who can not be defeated” can’t be departed from enquiring into the dual personality of Hemingway. The words and actions reflect Hemingway’s outlook on life and his behavior standard. The victory of spirit gives dignity and courage to these losers and their creators. At the same time, he uses a mask to conceal the weakness and fatalism.
The aggravation of the old man’s circumstances is to reveal the “graceful demeanor” when Hemingway is under “pressure”. Under this pressure, the old man’s failure appears to be moving and tragic. At the beginning, the old man puts to sea every day, but he has not caught a fish in succession in eighty-four days, this kind of failure is out of luck enough, and the little boy’s departure makes the old man’s circumstances more miserable. But in such situation, the old man reveals the unyielding character perfectly: When his big fish has been eaten by the shark with skeleton surplus rested, he asks himself: “ What defeated you?”③ “Nothing…it is me who goes too far.” ④The old man admits his failure bravely, but he believes his own ability absolutely. He believes even though he fails, he is still brave incomparably, and has not been defeated by the shark in spirit, he does not lose heart, because he believes that “Once he has been defeated, the thing is easy.”
The First World War made Hemingway learns the society again, which affected the works of literature seriously. In Hemingway’s sight, the world is full of violence and hypocrite, the death is waiting for everybody. This is the symbol of the old man’s sad fate. If we want to live in this society, we must set up a living rule, that is: If we can not win, we can not admit defeat, we can do our best to live under toleration, giving up dispute of emotion, seeking happiness in the open air. This set of living rule made Hemingway portray this typical unyielding man’s unperturbed manner. After sixteen years, Hemingway realized the true essence of the story, he turned this true story into a parable that infiltrates philosophy. Hemingway does not tell the story simply, but reveal his living experience, emotion and thought symbolically.
We can see that the old man shows some traditional moral, we can’t deny that the old man is the best reflecting of the unyielding spirit of Hemingway’s.
2. The Boy— the Best Supplement for the Unyielding Man Character
“The God give me an good old man and a good boy, but nowadays the other writers has already forgotten these things”⑤, when Hemingway talked about the successful factors of this novel, he once quite satisfied to mention the boy and the old man in the same breath. From that we can see the little boy takes a very important part in The Old Man and the Sea
The boy learns fishing from the old man on the boat from five years old, the character features of the boy reveals the old man’s character from another side, though he was little, he is not childish. He
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