英语论文网

摘 要
诺贝尔文学奖获得者海明威被公认为是20世纪美国最伟大的小说家之一。他是“迷惘的一代”的代言人。时代背景和战争深深的影响了海明威，并成为其作品悲剧意识的主要来源。《永别了，武器》是海明威最著名的反战作品。小说讲述了美国青年亨利在第一次世界大战期间作为一名救护车在意大利战争。期间与英国护士凯瑟琳•巴克莱相识。亨利在前线被炮弹炸伤，在米兰医院养伤期间得到了凯瑟琳的悉心照料，两人陷入热恋。期间，凯瑟琳怀孕了。伤愈后，亨利重返前线，然而此时德军的进攻击溃了意大利，在撤退时，被当做间谍而要加以枪决。亨利跳入河中，死里逃生，并决定脱离部队。亨利找到凯瑟琳后，因为意大利警察的追捕，俩人逃到瑞士。在那里俩人度过了一段短暂幸福的时光，最后，凯瑟琳在身下死婴后因为大出血而死。它以第一次世界大战为背景，反映了遭受战争摧残的“迷惘的一代”厌恶、恐惧战争却又找不到出路而痛苦，迷茫。整部作品弥漫着悲观色彩。论文的第一部分介绍了作者和作品。第二部分从荒诞、迷惘和死亡分析悲剧意识在作品中的体现，第三部分分析小说和作者人生经历的内在联系，第四部分探讨这部作品对现代人的影响。

关键词：海明威；《永别了，武器》；悲剧意识
 
Abstract
Ernest Hemingway, Nobel Literature Prize winner, is recognized for one of the greatest American writers of 20th century. He is the spokesman of “lost generation”. The background of the times and the war influence Hemingway a lot and become the main source of tragic consciousness in his works. A Farewell to Arms is Hemingway’s most famous anti-war work. The novel portrays Frederic Henry, an American Lieutenant, fighting in Italy in the First World War, and has acquaintance with the British nurse Catherine Barkley. After he is wounded at the front by a trench mortar shell, Henry is tended Catherine in the hospital of Milan during his recuperation, and they fall in love with each other. During that time, Catherine has conceived. Henry returns to the front after he recovers. However, at that time, the German armies have routed the Italy. Henry is treated as a spy and going to be executed during the retreat. Henry jumps into the river and makes a narrow escape from death. After he finds Catherine, they flee to Switzerland because of the Italian police’s chase. In Switzerland, they have a short happy time. At last, after giving birth to a dead infant, Catherine dies due to hemorrhages. The novel’s background is the First World War. It reflects the “lost generation” wrecked by the war hates war and fears to war, meanwhile feel perplexed and painful because they can’t find a way out. The whole work is filled with tragic consciousness. The first part of this thesis introduces the author and her literary achievements. The second part analyzes the tragic consciousness in the novel through three aspects- Absurdism, Maze and Death. The third part analyzes the inner link between A Farewell to Arms and the author. The forth part discusses the novel’s influence on modern people.
Keywords: Hemingway; A Farewell to Arms; tragic consciousness;

Contents
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT 2
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
1.1 Hemingway’s Life and His works 3
1.2 A Brief Introduction to A Farewell to Arms 5
1.3 Literary Review 5
Chapter 2 Tragic consciousness in A Farewell to Arms 7
2.1 Absurdism 7
2.1.1 Unreasonable world and distorted human nature 7
2.1.2 Loss of Conventional Morality and Ethical Ideal 8
2.2 Maze 9
2.2.1 Hollow and purposeless life 9
2.2.2 Loss of believes 10
2.3 Death 10
2.3.1 The Suddenness of Death 10
2.3.2 The Attitude to Death and the Influence of Death 11
Chapter 3 Elements That Shape Hemingway’s Tragic Consciousness 12
3.1 Hemingway’s Own Experience 12
3.2 The background of the time 13
3.3 Philosophy Thought of Pessimism in the West 13
Chapter 4 The Significance of This Novel to Modern People 14
4.1 Preserving peace 14
4.2 Cherishing Lives 15
Chapter 5 Conclusion 15
References 16
Acknowledgements 17