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2.1 Associative Strategies
The classification of learning strategies are also various. Among them, Oxford’s(1990) perspective is more detailed and useful. He divided language learningstrategies into two major types: direct and indirect strategies. Direct LanguageLearning Strategies contain three parts: memory strategies, cognitive strategies andcompensation strategies. Associative strategy is a branch of memory strategies.According to Dong Yanping (2009), vocabulary learning is a process ofmemorization which needs lots of connection and association. Without association,words are abstract concepts. It is difficult to remember for learners. Knowing a newword, learners need to encode information and store the information storage inworking memory. Finally, information will be stored in long term memory by retrieval. The associative strategies based on cognitive psychology will benefitvocabulary learning. There are many different kinds of definitions both in China and on abroad. In1930s, Bartlett (1923), a famous psychologist, first put forward the schema theory. Inhis point of view, the structure of knowledge existed in the brain is activated byassociation. Then people comprehend and integrate new information into the previousstructure. Associating is the way to learn new information.According to the six edition of Ci Hai (2009), association is the reflect of therelations of different items in human brains. It is a mental process that takes place inthe following situation. As people recall something, he may think of another thing inthe memory.
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2.2 Vocabulary Learning
According to Coady (1997), vocabulary is one of the most fundamentalelements in language. Without vocabulary, there is no sentence, not even contexts. Tolearn English well, vocabulary learning is an essential part. On one hand, Englishvocabulary learning directly impacts the language competence of learners. Englishvocabulary learning plays an important role in listening, speaking, reading and writingaspects. On the other hand, English vocabulary learning is necessary to the teachingquality of a school. English is one of the main and compulsory subjects in senior highschool. In a word, English vocabulary learning of senior high school is of greatimportance and significance. According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary(2004), vocabulary refers to a set of words that are known and used by a person. Itincreases with personal development.The definition of vocabulary in the New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) is“a part of such a body of words used on a particular occasion or in a particularsphere”.In Penny Ur’s (2000) point of view, vocabulary are words taught and learnt inforeign language. He also points out that form, grammar and collocation are supposedto be the most important aspects in vocabulary.
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Chapter 3 Methodology......26
3.1 Research Questions.........26
3.2 Subjects.........27
3.3 Instruments....27
3.4 TeachingProcedures........30
3.4.1. The Training of Phonology Association......30
3.4.2 The Training of Morphology Association....32
3.4.3 The Training of Semantic Association.........33
3.4.4 The Training of Contextual Association......33
3.5 Data Collection and Analysis......35
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