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It is important to note that developing the capabilities through learning was also backed by good technical field-related education and capabilities of individuals in those countries. These not only include the technical skills but also entrepreneur, team effort and organisational capabilities. It was a combination of these aspects that could help Asian countries develop into what they are.

Korean Semi Conductor and Automobile Industries

Korea had an excellent economic growth in the last four decades especially in the semiconductor and automobile industry. The early economic growth was supported by the special industrial policies formed by the Korean government. Not only that, the government provided infrastructure and financial incentives to promote certain sectors. The Korean government emphasized on local production of consumption goods rather than import. In fact, post 1964 policies were pursued for promotion of export. Government also established institutions like Korea Trade and Investment Corporation and The Korea International Trade Association to support export. Korea initially had the comparative advantage of low cost labour which attracted the initial business from foreign clients. Although Korea had some experience in the light industry such as textile; it had relatively unskilled labour to support heavy and technology based industries (Mah, 2007).

In the semi-conductor industry government set targets for export production and R&D. The Korean companies learnt by replicating the Japanese model. After certain period of time they developed the capabilities of adding certain Korea-specific elements to their products. Another important factor in the development of the semi conductor industry was the unique entrepreneur leadership skills that the owners possessed. They also used strategic alliances as an important source of technology transfer; examples are Samsung-Texas Instruments, LG-Hitachi. Development of the industry attracted many well educated and experienced Koreans based in U.S to retain home (Cho et al, 1998).

It was once predicted that South Korea's automakers would never had survived the global shakeout of 1990's. Hyundai, however, was determined to become a leading automaker of the world. Hyundai entered the industry in 1987 as a latecomer and today has more than forty-five subsidiaries around the world. Being a latecomer Hyundai started as an assembling plant for ford compact car. Later Hyundai received “package” technology from ford such as blue prints, technical specifications and production manuals. Hyundai also sent its engineers for training at ford sites. Hyundai used exceptional organisational skills to set up a difficult target of manufacturing a car on its own. The government pushed Hyundai to develop its own car rather than pursuing assembling operations of foreign cars. The initial production of Korean cars was supported by technologies imported from other countries. Hyundai's next target was not just to meet the domestic demand but also compete globally. It therefore needed some differentiation in its product compared to the western countries. Hyundai, thus, made inv本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。