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Chapter I Introduction

1.1 Research Background
Although Halliday and Hasan started the study of the Cohesion Theory, andmany scholars followed their steps and made their contribution to it，there are stillsome aspects that need us to be concerned to make the theory perfect.1. The connection between cohesion and coherence is vague, and we do not givea clear explanation to their concept, range and role in text.2. The study of the relationship between textual and context is limited. Whenpeople study textual, they have drawn attention to the context, but they do not haveenough knowledge about the influence of the context in cohesive devices.3. When scholars made a study of the theory, they focused their attention to thetypes of cohesive devices, but their effect and how they work in text, are blank.4. Further study of the relation among the cohesive devices, and how they affectthe textual cohesion and coherence is needed.In this thesis, the author will make an analysis on how the cohesive devices workin The Old Man and the Sea and Hai Guan’s translation.

1.2 Literature Review
After Halliday and Hasan introduced the Cohesion Theory, it shed some light ondifferent perspectives.In 1985, Halliday and Hasan had another book named Language，Context andText, in which Hasan expanded the scope of cohesion. He divided cohesion into twogroups: structural cohesion and non-structural cohesion. Structural cohesion containsparallel-symmetry structure, given-new information structure and theme-rhemestructure, while the non-structural cohesion includes ingredient-relation cohesion andorganic cohesion. Ingredient-relation cohesion has four cohesive devices: Reference,substitution, ellipsis and lexical cohesion. And these four devices can be made intothree relationships: co-referentiality, co-classification and co-extension. Organiccohesion has other relationships, for example, conjunction, adjacency pair, extension,and so on.In 1990, Parson made a study of the relationship between the quantity ofcohesive devices and textual cohesion, and he linked the cohesive devices withdiscourse coherence.In China, Cohesion Theory also has been researched by many people. In 1994,Hu Zhuanglin wrote a book titled Discourse Cohesion and Coherence. In his book, hethought Haliday and Hasan were only concerned with language structure, especiallywith lexicon and sentence. In order to make further exploration of the cohesivedevices, textual cohesion and coherence, Hu Zhuanglin tried to cover the theory oftransitivity, theme-rheme, information, textual and Systemic-Functional Grammar andsome research achievements in pragmatics. The contributions of this book can belisted as following:1. Transitivity is regarded as a cohesive device，which explodes the range ofstructural cohesion. Besides, it also brings into other cohesive devices：repetition, addition, replacement, etc.2. It presents the cohesive devices in Phonology, which includes intonation andsound pattern.3. Textual structure is treaded as a cohesion device.4. It raises the point that discourse coherence happens at many levels, and socialsemeiotics has a very important role in discourse coherence.5. Chinese is added into the data analysis. The readers of Halliday & Hasan’sbook (1976) are the people who generally know English. There are a lot ofdifferences between English and Chinese. Hu Zhuanglin noticed that andexplored the characteristics of本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。