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identity”  concept  together  and  then  applies  them  to  the  analytic  process  through examples selected from American presidents’ inaugural speeches. 3)  The  thesis  puts  the  political  euphemisms  into  the  specific  cultural backgrounds,  which  intends  to  help  people  understand  the  implied  meanings  of political euphemisms and enhance the effectiveness of political communication. 
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Chapter Two   Literature Review 

2.1 Introduction  
Political  euphemisms  are  essential  to  political  events,  thus  attracting  many researchers.  This  chapter  is  going  to  make  a  critical  review  of  the  literature  of political  euphemisms.  The  review  consists  of  three  parts,  including  its  definition, studies  on  political  euphemisms  abroad,  studies  on  political  euphemism  at  home, and a summary, which provides a general picture of the previous studies of political euphemisms from different perspectives. 
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2.2 Defining Political Euphemisms 
In  order  to  understand  the  definition  of  political  euphemisms  thoroughly,  we should make clear the definition of euphemisms first. “Euphemisms  are  good  or  favorable  interpretations  of  bad  words.”  (Neaman  & Silver, 1983, p. 4) “Euphemism  is  one  kind  of  figures  of  speech,  saying  something  indirectly,  but connoting  and  substituting  with  roundabout  and  implicit  words  or  even metaphorical expression.” (Chen Wangdao, 1962, p. 16) “Euphemism  is  an  indirect  word  or  phrase  that  people  often  use  to  refer  to something embarrassing or unpleasant, sometimes to make it seem more acceptable that it really is.” (Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, 2004, p. 581) So, on the basis of the common points of above definitions delivered by foreign and  Chinese  scholars  and  a  dictionary,  we  can  conclude  a  working  definition. Euphemisms  are  indirect  words  or  phrases  that  people  adopt  to  explain  something unpleasant, which makes the communication more pleasant. 
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Chapter Three Theoretical Framework .......... 13 
3.1. Introduction ..... 13 
3.2. Social Identity ......... 13      
3.2.1. The Definition of Identity .... 13      
3.2.2. The Essence of Identity ........ 14   
3.3. Conceptual Metonymy .... 15      
3.3.1. Introduction of Metonymy ........... 15      
3.3.2. Working Mechanism of Metonymy ..... 16      
3.3.3. Types of Metonymy-producing Relationships .... 20 
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