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。如“The rights and liabilities of the parties hereto will bind and inure to the benefit of their successor,executors or administrators,provided,however that Party B may not assign or delegate this Agreement of any of its license,rights or duties under this Agreement,whether by operation of law or otherwise,without the prior written consent of Party A except to a person or an entity into which it has merged or which has otherwise succeeded to all or substantially all of its business and assets to which this Agreement pertains, by merger,reorganization or otherwise,and which has assumed in writing or by operation of law its obligations under this Agreement.”这个长句中一共有112个单词,句子拖沓冗长,结构十分复杂。翻译此类长句时,译者应把握的原则是:透彻理解原文、悉心领会原文的总体精神和每一个句段的思想脉络与层次。可采用“六步法”进行处理:
紧缩主干主句(析出SV-SVO-SV.IO.DO等、识别谓语形态、确定时态、语态、语气);
辨析词义(判断词义);
区分主从(识别修饰语与被修饰语、判断各成分之间的内在联系);
捋清层次(推断句子逻辑思维形式及重心);
调整搭配(按汉语习惯调整各层次语序);
润饰词语(根据文体特征炼词、炼句)。
经过分析,上述例句为SVO结构,主句为The rights and liabilities…administrators,之后的所有部分是以provided引导的条件状语从句。该从句中,以by, without, except引导的介词短语修饰may not assign or delegate。在an entity后面有4个以which引导的定语从句,第一、第二、第四个修饰an entity,第三个修饰its business and assets。在准确判断一些专业词汇语义的基础上,如,hereto, successor, entity等。可顺应汉语忌长句的特点,经过语序调整,将原文长句翻译得比较通顺、畅达。译:“协议双方的权利和义务对协议的继承人、执行人或管理者有效,对其有约束力。但事先未经甲方书面同意,乙方不得通过法律手段或其他方式将本协议所涉及的许可证、权利或义务转让或委托给他方。乙方将权利和义务转让或委托给与之合并的个人或实体时,或转让或委托给通过兼并、重组或其他方式继承了本协议下的全部或绝大部分业务和资产并以书面形式或通过合法手段承担本协议义务的个人或实体时,则不受此限”。

 

2•英语法律文书中常常出现插入式状语。一般情况下,英语句子的主谓之间不会放置较长的状语。但在英语法律文书中,状语往往出现在主谓之间。如:
“The directors may,on the issue of shares,differentiate between the holders as to the amount of calls to be paid and the times of payment.”
“Whoever,during wartime,rejects requisition for military purposes, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of no more than three years or criminal detention.”
由于汉英两种语言在语序上的差异,汉语中的状语修饰语一般不采用插入式(insertion),所以翻译时应按照汉语的习惯对原句的状语修饰语进行结构上的调整,最好采用前置式(pre-position)。上述例句可分别译为:“一旦股票发行,董事会便可按所催缴的股款的数额和支付时间区分股东。”和“战时拒绝军事征用,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或拘役。”

 

三、法律文书中的词汇特征及翻译
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