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pectator, Steele’s Tatler, and Swift’s A Modest Proposal.
1.     Master Journals: Edison’s The Spectator and Steele’s Tatler
For essays, in the 18th century, there were several famous and influential journals, such as Edison’s The Spectator and Steele’s Tatler. The Spectator was a weekly British magazine, whose principal subject area is politics, about which it generally took a conservative editorial line. Editorship of The Spectator has often been part of a route to high office in the Conservative Party. The Spectator had taken a pro-British line in foreign affairs, and was the oldest magazine in the history of Britain.
The original Tatler was founded in 1709 by Richard Steele, who used a nom de plume of “Isaac Bickerstaff, Esquire”, the first such consistently adopted journalistic persona, which adopted in the first person, as it were, the seventeenth-century genre of “characters”, as first established in English by Sir Thomas Overbury and soon to be expanded by Lord Shaftesbury's Characteristics (1711). Steele's idea was to publish the news and gossip heard in London coffeehouses, hence the title, and seemingly, from the opening paragraph, to leave the subject of politics to the newspapers, while presenting Whig’s views and correcting middle-class manners, while instructing “these Gentlemen, for the most part being Persons of strong Zeal, and weak Intellects...what to think.” To assure complete coverage of local gossip, a reporter was placed in each of the city's popular coffeehouses, or at least such were the datelines: accounts of manners and mores were datelined from

White's; literary notes from Will’s; notes of antiquarian interest were dated from the Grecian Coffee House; and news items from St. James’s. The magazine carries articles on a broad range of topics, but its primary focus is on social trends of the upper class. Parties and society events are portrayed throughout, but most prevalently in the Bystander column, towards the back of the magazine. It also reports on luxury fashions and high-jewellery. Tatler was edited by Geordie Greig, previously the literary editor of The Sunday Times, until the end of January 2009, when Greig resigned to become editor of the Evening Standard. Tatler is named after Richard Steele's paper of the same name in the early 18th century which he co-founded with Joseph Addison after meeting at Charterhouse School.
2.     Swift’s A Modest Proposal
Jonathan Swift (1667 –1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for Whigs then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin.
He is remembered for works such as Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, Drapier's Letters, The Battle of the Books, An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity, and A Tale of a Tub. Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well known for his poetry. Swift originally published all of his works under pseudonyms—such as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M.B. Drapier—or anonymously. He is also known for being a master of two styles of satire: the Horatian and Juvenalian styles.
A Modest Proposal is a Juvenalian satirical essay written and published anonymously by Jonathan Swift in 1729. Swift appears to suggest in his essay that the impoverished Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling children as food for rich gentleme本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。