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前言 Introduction

这篇论文的主要论点是,约翰·霍奇的剧本《猜火车》中的语言运用,尽管它似乎包含亚文化的社会环境,但却不能将之分类为一个青年亚文化理论中语言结构框架。

文学作品中所体现的言语冲突应该看做世界观的解读,在所有的社会中，语言冲突行为是不可避免的,即使是在社会方言俚语中的使用过程中，这种冲突也不可避免。

1.甘伯兹术语:“言语社区”

1982年，在约翰·甘伯兹所阐述的话语策略中,简析了“言语社区”的概念。他将“言语社区”定义为这样一种概念：“一个有组织的、多样性的系统根据共同的规范和愿望组合在一起“。他还指出,言语社区必须成为语言分析的起点。他进一步指出,相同的言语社区的成员可能有不同的信仰和差异性的行为表现,这是一个正常变化，已经被证明是一个系统的、规律性的社区。然而，大多数情况下,言语社区的成员普遍共享规范的评估方式。

The main argument of this dissertation is that the language of John Hodge's screenplay Trainspotting, even though it appears to contain sub-cultural social contexts, cannot be categorised within the framework of linguistic theory as representing a youth subculture.

The verbal conflict formation in the text should be read as reflective of the larger worldview that verbal conflict behaviour is inevitable in all societies, as are the existence of social dialectsand the usage of common slang.

1. Gumperz' Term: 'Speech Community'

In his 1982 volume Discourse strategies, John Gumperz discusses the concept of a 'speech community'. He defines 'speech community' as 'a system of organized diversity held together by common norms and aspirations'. He also states that the speech community must form the starting point of linguistic analysis. He further states that although members of the same speech community may differ in terms of their beliefs and their behaviours, that this is a normal variation and has been shown to be a systematic regularity of communities. For, the most part, however, members of speech communities generally share norms of evaluation.

Gumperz stresses the point that it is not the individual speakers of a language that make up a speech community. He cites the theories of Saussure and others of that time period to support this statement: 'It was believed that these reflect either momentary preferences, personal idiosyncrasies, or expressive or emotive tendencies, which rely on universal signalling mechanisms and are thus not part of the system of meaningful sounds by which substantive information is conveyed' (11-12).

According to Gumperz, although the ability to form grammatical statements is common to all speakers of a certain language, the more complex knowledge of contextualization convention varies widely. He also points out that contextualization is not something that can be attained through formal education or reading, but must be learned through face-to-face interactions. Discourse at this level is marked by conventions that 'reflect prolonged interactive experience by individuals cooperating in institutionalized settings in the pursuit of shared goals in friendship, occupational and similar networks of relationships' (209).

Language and social identity, a volume published in the same year, was co-authored by Jenny Cook-Gumperz. In this work, he discusses the role of communicative skills in our society, asserting that they have been radically altered. It is absolutely essential for individuals in today's society to be capable of managing or adapting to a variety of diverse communicative situations. In addition, they must be able to interact 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。