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nutes with each interviewee. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed (Appendix 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) with the consent of interviewees.

第四章：数据分析和结果-CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1. Data of individual work

4.1.1. Students' on- task behaviour.

To capture how involved students were in English speaking activities, two teachers were scheduled to observer with the observation sheet (Appendix 1) and record. They focused on the six students and the result of their participation is shown below.

In lesson 2-C, the result showed that during the observed lesson, the students were generally uninvolved. Their participation was not equal and low: the students were on-task less than half of the given time. On average students were on-task 38.33%

Among 6 students observed, only one student (S1) had 7 times scanned and recorded to be on-task, she seemed the best student paying attention on the task. Two other students (S2, S3) had 5 times, They also focused on the task but not much. One student (S4) had 4 times, one students (S5) had two times. Especially, one student (S6) had no time scanned or recorded to be on- task. He looked out of the window and paid no attention on the task. When being asked to present what he had worked, he immediately said “I'm sorry. I can't” even though he know that he was being observed.

In lesson 2- D, the result seemed a little better, There was no uninvolved student in the task. However the average percentage of students' participation in task was still under the half of the time given: 41.67%

There was one student (S2) involving in the task 7 times, two students (S1 and S3) had 5 times scanned to be on-task, one student (S5) had 4 times, one student (S4) had 3 times, and one student (S6) who had no time last lesson had once.

4.1.2. Students' feeling towards individual work.

All students (total of six) thought that individual work was boring and it did not enhance students to participate in the task. They needed to be in cooperation with other students to finish their tasks. Some of the students (S5, S6) said that they met many difficulties when working alone, and often kept silent because they had nothing to say. The student 6 (S6) showed that he did not like English and did not want to speak English. When working alone, he did not know anything to say,

4.2. Data of group work activities.

4.2.1. Students' on- task behaviour.

After collecting data from 2 lessons using individual work, two other lessons with group work were conducted to find out the changes of levels of students' participation.

In lesson 3- B, the result showed that students were willing to involve in the task when working in groups. Their engagement in this lesson was higher than the previous lessons. Nobody had scanned to be on-task less than twice. and the average percentage increased: 65%. One student (S1) could involved in the task 9 times, S2 had 8 times, S4 had 7 times . Two students (S3 and S5) had 6 times and only one student (S6) had 3 times. On average, the students were on-task 65% of the given time.

In lesson 3-D, the level of the students' participation increased a little more. Most students had more than 5 times scanned and recorded to be on-task. One student (S2) had 10 t