英语论文网

3.5.4 Research Time Horizon

Depending on the research question proposed the time horizon for the research can be determined and it may take one of the two forms: 'snapshot' cross-sectional or 'diary' longitudinal. Cross-sectional studies are preferred to studying a particular phenomenon (or phenomena) in a precise time (Saunders et al., 2007) or as Robson (2002) explains, it mainly employs surveys as the means for data collection and tries to explain how the factors are related in a given point of time. On the other hand the main strength of longitudinal studies is in its ability to study change and development over time. Even in the case of time limitation there is a massive amount of data published over time that is waiting to be re-analyised (Saunders et al., 2007). Adams and Schvaneveldt (1991) point out that this type of study enables researchers to have a measure over variables given that they are not affected by the research procedure itself.

For the purpose of this research and taking into consideration the time constraints, a cross-sectional study will be the choice of action.

3.5.5 Research Variables

A Variable in general is a characteristic that is measurable and can be analyzed dependent on the type (nominal, ordinal, and numerical) and nature dependent or independent in the survey (Fink, 2003). Independent variables or exploratory or predictor variables, are so called because of their use to explain results or responses (the dependent variable). These include:

o Dependent variables: Retailer Equity

o Independent Variables: Repurchase Loyalty, Attitudinal Loyalty, Store Affect, Merchandise Value, Assortment, Services, Design, Atmosphere.

o Control Variables: Age, Gender, Income, Nationality.

3.5.6 Target Population and Sampling Methods

In the light of the objective of this study, the target population was identified as people who shop and purchased products in different retailer supermarket stores, aged 18 years old and above from different backgrounds and occupations (students, house wives, workers, managers etc) which is general to all of Kuwait's population.

3.5.7 Data Collection Method

A questionnaire was conducted to measure customers' images of three supermarkets according to the merchandise and services they offer. Data was collected by distributing the proposed questionnaire at random throughout the internet and by hand. Respondents were screened to ensure that they shop at one of three major supermarkets in Kuwait (Sultan Center, City Center, or Local Co-Op).

3.6 Data Analysis Methods:

This study is quantitative research. The statistical tools used in analyzing 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。