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he structure of employment and the extent to which available labor is actually utilized.

Data Sources of Measuring Unemployment :
Administrative Records
Statistics of unemployment can be drown from administration records , in this way we can registration data which derived from records are based on complete counts, so they will not affected by sampling errors , in addition they are cheap to obtain. But also this way is limited because it only cover small part of the population which uses employment exchanges or is qualified for unemployment insurance benefits.

2. Household Surveys 家庭调查
In this source statistics of unemployment can also be obtained from household or labor force surveys, this survey composed sample of household and asking people of working age about their employment activities and also about availability for work by using standard questionnaire. This way also was limited because it depends only on nature replies of people in the household survey , so it will contains many different kind of errors .

Reasons of unemployment.

Discouraged workers

In economics, a discouraged worker is someone between 16 and 65 years old who is not keenly looking for employment. This usually happens because the person has given up searching or has had no accomplishment in finding a job, which is why he is called 'discouraged.' His belief may be obtained from a mixture of factors counting: a lack of jobs in their area or line of work; apparent discrimination for reasons, for example, age, race, sex and religion; a lack of required skills, training, or experience; or a disability.

Discouraged workers, who are categorized as 'marginally attached to the labor force', 'on the margins' of the labor force, or as part of 'hidden unemployment', are not regarded as to be element of the labor force and are consequently not counted in most official unemployment rates, which persuades the exterior and explanation of unemployment statistics.

The expression underemployment has three different separate meanings and functions. All meanings involve a state where a person is working, unlike unemployment, where a person who is searching for work but cannot find it. All meanings involve underutilization of labor that critics say is neglected by a large amount of official (governmental agency) classifications and measurements of unemployment.

Underemployment can mean:

The employment of recruits with high skill levels in small wages occupations that do not require such abilities, for example a trained medical doctor who works as a taxi driver.

'Involuntary part-time' workers who would like to be working for a full time work but can only hit upon part-time occupation.

'Overstaffing' or 'hidden unemployment', the practice in which businesses provide work for people who are not fully occupied---for example, workers at present not being used to produce goods or services due to legal or social limitations or because the work is highly seasonal.

The unemployment causes the human cost, and there are many kinds of human costs.

Because we are part of this world ,we must accept that there are casualties caused by unemployment and should be affected by losses.

All the people going through these problems , but not all of them have a way to solve it.本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。