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Riley (2010) describes that copyright is the legal right of the publisher, composer, author or any other creator of the work to exclusively publish, disseminate, print or perform the work in the public. There is option for the author or the publisher to grant the right or license to others to perform the same activities. Roddel (2008) is of the view that internet and computers are just tools. She further explains that before the availability of computers to household, people used to enjoy music at concert hall and then listened to records and the radio. It was not possible to make a copy of those songs or records and then share them with the others. Now people have the technology to reproduce and copy material at reasonable cost using the tools of computer and the internet.

It is said that the reproducing the copyrighted works without the permission of the owner, author, publisher or the creator of that work is wrong and is against the law when fair use limitations are transcended (Roddel, 2008). According to Professor Alfred C. Yen (Yen, Internet Service Provider Liability for Subscriber Copyright Infringement, Enterprise Liability, and the First Amendment, 2000), the present condition is that even if the content providers detect infringement and sue the suspects, they cannot get a satisfying outcome due the fact “in most cases, the costs of trailing reparation offset the expected recovery, or even worse, the infringer cannot be found.” Furthermore it is assumed that another possible reason that the copyright holders go uncompensated is that they usually pursuit the individuals, among most of which are students of the colleges or the universities, or amateurs, as ordinary people with no money and less awareness of the issues related copyright acts and laws. Therefore, even the infringers pay the amount of the fine, downloading and sharing of illegal content will continue as it is.

In many cases of the online copyright issues and infringement, the information or content providers seek to hold responsible the internet service provider (ISP), website operator, or bulletin board service (BBS) operator as well as the individual personnel who uploaded or download infringing material (Smith, 2007). Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are also held responsible for such liability because of the fact that the risk of copyright infringement is a natural by-product of the service of the internet (Yen, Article: Internet Service Provider Liability for Subscriber Copyright Infringement, Enterprise Liability, and the First Amendment, 2000). In the current internet era, it has been observed that Internet Service Provider (“ISP”) has a vulnerable position as the apparent legal risk to internet service providers is that the people who provide content will be using the ways which attracts legal liability (Bernstein & Ramchandani, 2002). The principle of fault liability of the internet copyright infringement states that internet service provider is responsible for the four elements: the act of copyright infringement, the result of violations, the link between the act and results, and the subjective fault (Shen & Huang, 2011). It is also believed that ISP may have to take some responsibility for the copyright infringement just because of simply providing the 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。