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代写英国论文There are many ways of receiving payment. Many sellers require payment in advance and for them, this is very secure. It is not recommended for the buyer. Alternatively, the buyer may pay on receipt of good which conform to the contract. This is not recommended for the seller. However, both of these methods are used every day and work to varying degrees depending on the relationship of the parties. Some sellers operate through agents and use the agent as a collecting authority in-country. This can be effective.

This Topic will look at secure payment methods and also some devices used to guarantee performance of contracts.
Topic Content

What problems exist for any seller looking for payment? What is the purchaser of goods seeking before he parts with his cash?

• Buyer wants to see the goods before he pays
• Seller does not want to release goods until he has payment secured

These are the crucial commercial issues and of course they are of prime importance to the parties in any transaction. In international transactions there are further elements which create extra dimensions of uncertainty

– Distance
– Distrust due to lack of knowledge
– Lack of familiarity
– Different Trade Practices

If Company A is based in Scotland and has a consignment of engine parts which it is selling to a company in Brazil, how can it secure payment? How can the Brazilian company know that what it is getting is conform to contract and fit for purpose?

Is there a device which can protect both parties?

Fortunately there is. It is called a documentary credit. The most well known documentary credit is the letter of credit; it has been called the Life Blood of International Commerce. It is commonly shortened to LC.

How does it work?

Simply, a Bank acts for Buyer and undertakes to pay the price to the Seller on presentation to the Bank of certain agreed documents.

If the conditions are met the Bank must pay.

The bank acts as an independent middle party. For this device to be effective, both parties require to trust the bank to be truly independent.

Some Definitions:

1. Your written demand
2. A copy of the Purchase order under which the claim is made [Note: only to be used if relevant]
3. A copy of a letter, including the principal registered post receipt, sent to the Seller giving them not less than 30 days notice of your intention to claim under this Bond, advising them of the basis of the claim and affording them an opportunity to remedy the circumstances giving rise to the claim. [Alternative wording: “Your written demand will include a docket subscribed on behalf of the Seller acknowledging the claim and consenting to the claim being presented under this Bond”]
4. A statement sworn on your behalf by an authorised person in the presence of a notary public that the claim is genuine.

All documents will bear confirmation from your bankers that the signatures thereon (except those on behalf of the Seller) are authentic.

This Bond is valid for written demands received by us on or before [date] after which our liability to you under this Bond will ce本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。