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(SFPE), 2009)). Majority of them enforce the concept of ‘‘performance’’. Risk reduction options should guarantee a ‘‘performance’’ in favor of the
ALARP approach (As Low As Reasonable Practicable). The possibility, in certain cases, to overcome a prescriptive set to rules allows designers, plant managers and stakeholder to evaluate several strategies based on different risk reduction measures) to gain the same fire risk (objective). The framework used to take decisions in supposed to verify the alternatives against the costs associated to the options, the quantification of the risk reduction the time in ceded to implement the selected measures and the reliability/availability during time of the implemented measure. The complete assessment can be shared with authorities having jurisdiction to give evidence of the risk assessment and the decision process.

This last step complies with the requirements coming from the actuation of safety management systems (i.e for example voluntary standards as OHSAS 18001:2007 (BS OHSAS, 2007) a prescriptive regulations as the safety management system for major accident prevention enforced by 2003/105/CE (Directive 2003/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16, 2003) and by 96/82/CE ( Council Directive 96/82/EC on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, ) European Directives). The entire workflow can be seen as a good example of performance-based fire engineering: from this the idea of the paper authors to extend the same framework to other fire risk, and to other risk (other than the large atmospheric storage tanks). A performance-based approach to fire safety is based on established fire safety goals and objectives (performance o the guaranteed), deterministic and/or probabilistic analysis of fire scenarios and quantitative assessment of  design alternatives against the stated safety goals using accepted engineering tools, methodologies and performance criteria.

Assessment starting from a quantitative risk analysis (QRA), leads at the end (on the basis of risk acceptability criteria shared between, experts, stakeholders, managers and authorities), to interventions plans drafting for existing industrial realities design of fire  protection measures for new plants. This approach allows to take better informed decisions regarding safety problems for both existing plants and modifications. Several recent publications by the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE, USA) well explain the performance-based approach to fire safety (see (Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE), 2000), ( Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE), 2003), (Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE), Custer, & Meachan, 1997)) and the key concept of fire risk analysis (Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE), 2005 ). Risk analysis improves the general safety level with risk reduction options supported by effective and cost-effective protection measures. Adjustment plans for both complex and large plant realities take then into account the risk connected with specific phenomena, the time frames and costs needed to implement the protection measures, in order to reach the prefixed goals. This paper aims to provide the readers with an overview of the activities conducted by the authors on the application of a recent and international performance-based methodology (supported by 16 international oil 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。