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acquisition.PVs were mostly definedand categorized by Quirk and Bolinger.The majority of foreign researchmethodologies examining the syntactic properties of PVs were mostly derived fromstructuralism.PVs are multi-word verbs,according to a grammar book,and are madeup of the words'verb+adverb,''verb+preposition,'or'verb+adverb+preposition'to represent an integrated concept(Quirk et.al,1985).The categorizationfocused on the syntactic features of PVs.In actuality,semantics dictates syntacticfeatures,which structuralism failed to investigate in more detail.As a result,the bulkof scholars began to investigate the semantics of PVs.Bolinger(1971)conducted ananalysis of the semantic properties of particles.Meanwhile,he emphasized that thesemantic properties of the particle were the meaning based on context.The particle inPVs was then further illustrated by Side(1990),who also made the point that itsmeanings ought to be incorporated into the semantics of PVs.

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework ......................... 21

3.1 The Cognition Hypothesis ............................. 21

3.1.1 Theoretical basis of Cognition Hypothesis ......................... 21

3.1.2 Relations between Cognition Hypothesis and the present study ............. 23

Chapter Four Methodology ............................... 26

4.1 Research Questions ........................... 26

4.2 Participants .................................... 26

4.3 Instruments ................................. 27

Chapter Five Results and Discussion ............................. 35

5.1 Results ........................... 35

5.1.1 Results of the test ........................... 35

5.1.2 Results of the retrospective interview ....................... 47

Chapter Five Results and Discussion

5.1 Results

5.1.1 Results of the test

5.1.1.1 Results of the effects of input frequency on English phrasal verbacquisition

A one-way between participants ANOVA was conducted to compare the effectsof input frequency on the 120 participants'acquisition of phrasal verbs,under thecondition that input frequency was three times,six times and nine times.

Prior to doing the analysis,tests for homogeneity of variance and normaldistribution were run to see whether the data matched the criteria for one-wayANOVA.According to the results of the Shapiro-Wilk test,Group 1(p=0.579>0.05),Group 2(p=0.760>0.05)and Group 3(p=0.99>0.05)revealed that the data mostlycomplied with the normal distribution assumption.Moreover,the scores of the threegroups were homoscedastic(p=0.703>0.05).The descriptive statistics are shown inTable 5.1.

As shown in Table 5.1,the mean scores of the three groups were 27.150,60.650and 57.175 respectively.They showed rapid growth from three times(27.150)ofinput frequency to six times(60.650).After six encounters,the mean score reached itspeak(60.650).However,the mean score slowly descended from 60.650(sixexposures)to 57.175(nine exposures)as can be seen in Figure 5.1.

Chapter Six Conclusion

6.1 Major Findings

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