英语论文网

,每个段落都有中心(主题句)。在作文中,作者可以把段落安排有序,让各个段落之间的内容相互连贯,一个段落的内容自然而然地过渡到下一段落,各段落相互呼应,组成一篇好文章。所以,在每一段落的段首用一个过渡句来承上启下,把文章的段落与段落有机地连贯起来。过渡句可以引导读者的思路,使其跟上作者的思路,了解作者的写作意图;过渡句还可以让读者知道作者已经做的、正在做的、即将做的、以后再做的或根本不会去做的事情,同时也可以引导读者的思维由前一个段落顺利、自然地过渡到下一个段落的内容。请看下列例子。例1:…intelligence is an excellent of mind that isemployed within a fairly narrow, immediate, andpredictable range.…Intelligence works within theframework of limited but clearly stated goals.…Intellect, on the other hand, is the critical,creative, and contemplative side of mind.…例2:Failure is quite a common thing in our life. Aslong as we do things we will surely encounterdifficulties. Of course we should try our best to getover them, but in many cases, it is not so easy, oreven impossible. Then how should we face failure?…这两个例子中,作者均使用了过渡句来引导读者的阅读思路。例1中,作者用了“Intellect, on theother hand, is the critical, creative, andcontemplative side of mind”这样一个表示转折的句子来承接上下文;而在例2中作者使用了“Then howshould we face failure?”这样一个文句来保持与下面段落的连贯。如此环环相扣,段段相缀,秩序井然,流畅、连贯。
2.2.2 段落内的连贯段落内的连贯指的是句子之间的联系和组织。句子安排合理、合乎逻辑且过渡顺畅、自然的段落,可谓之内容连贯的段落。因此,读者可以容易地跟上作者的思路,了解作者所要表达的思想内容。通常我们可以采用一些适当的关联词和结构、平行结构、重申等手法把自己的观点陈述得充分而有序,合乎逻辑,以便让段落之内的句子之间连贯、顺畅[4]。例1:Style cannot be distinguished from matters.When a writer conceives an idea he conceives it in aform of words. That form of words constitutes hisstyle, and is absolutely governed by the idea. Theidea can only exist in words, and it can only exist inone form of words. You cannot say exactly the samething in two different ways. Slightly alter theexpression, and you slightly alter the idea. Surely itis obvious that the expression cannot be alteredwithout altering the thing expressed! A writer,having conceived and expressed an idea, may andprobably will,‘polish it up' . But what does hepolish up? To say that he polishes up his style ismerely to say that he is polishing up his idea, thathe has discovered faults or imperfections in his idea,that he is perfecting it. An idea exists in proportionas it is expressed; it exists when it is expressed,and not before. It expresses itself. A clear idea isexpressed clearly, and a vague idea vaguely.例2:The opposition is indispensable. A goodstatesman, like any other sensible human being,always learns more from his opponents than fromhis fervent supporters. For his supporters will pushhim to disaster unless his opponents show himwhere the dangers are. So if he is wise he will oftenpray to be delivered from his friends, because theywill ruin him. But, though it hurts, he ought alsoto pray never to be left w