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By analyzing the source text,the translator could better master its structure,substance and features.The text analysis would instruct the translator to adopt propertranslation methods and techniques.

2.1.1.1 Introduction to the Source Text

The book From Pugwash to Putin:A Critical History of US-Soviet ScientificCooperation is written by Gerson S.Sher,published by Indiana University Press onMay 17,2019.Peter Newmark(1988)believes that text types can mainly be dividedinto expressive text,informative text and vocative text.This book belongs toinformative text.More specifically,it’s historical text.

2.2 Translation Stage

The author finishes the translation practice under the guidance ofEco-translatology.Some noteworthy difficulties in the process of translation are listedas follows.

The first one is how to deal with cultural default.On the one hand,English and Chinese are members of different cultural systems.Some English words have nocorresponding expression in the target language.The translation of those words is abig challenge for the author.Take idioms for example.Idioms such as“the jury is out,the writing on the wall,a two-way street,a drop in the bucket,money cow”containcultural information of the source language.If those words are translated directly,itwould cause confusion to the target readers.On the other hand,the book FromPugwash to Putin:A Critical History of US-Soviet Scientific Cooperation belongs tohistorical text,involving a large number of historical events and historical backgroundknowledge.The writer assumes that the intended readers share the same culturalknowledge with him.Therefore,he doesn’t explain the common sense in Englishculture.For example,the sentence“Delone’s family had been originally been French...an ancestor came with Napoleon and stayed”concerns Napoleonic Wars.But thetarget readers may not be familiar with that historical event.Therefore,how to handlecultural default without taking up too much space becomes a major difficulty.

Chapter Three Case Analysis..............................15

3.1 Transformation on Linguistic Dimension............................15

3.1.1 On Lexical Level.............................15

3.1.2 On Syntactic Level....................18

Chapter Four Conclusion................................33

4.1 Major Findings...................................33

4.2 Limitations and Suggestions...............................34

Chapter Three Case Analysis

3.1 Transformation on Linguistic Dimension

English belongs to the Indo-European language family while Chinese is amember of the Sino-Tibetan language family.The two languages possess distinctlinguistic ecologies,differing from each other in pronunciation,vocabulary,sentencestructure,etc.With a comprehensive consideration of the translationaleco-environment,translators should make the target text adapt to the linguisticeco-environment of the target language and maintain the linguistic ecology of thesource text as much as possible(Hu Gengshen 2013:115).For the long survival of thetarget text,translators should ponder the language distinctions between English andChinese,applying appropriate translation methods and techniques to achie本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。