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Existentialism means being,existence,and actuality.Existentialist philosophy deals notwith the traditional philosophy of abstract consciousness,concepts,and essences but focuseson existence,on life.While it also refers not to the reality of human existence but to theexistence of the spirit,opposing that psychological consciousness of man to the socialexistence and the reality of the individual as the only real existence.

2.1.1 An Introduction to Sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre(1905-1980),one of the most important French philosophers of the 20thcentury,a leading exponent of French atheistic existentialism,and one of the most activeadvocates of Western socialism,refused to accept any awards during his life,even includingthe Nobel Prize for Literature in 1964.He was also a brilliant writer,dramatist,critic,andsocial activist.He led a turbulent life,participating in the anti-Fascist struggle,supporting theFrench revolutionary mass movement,standing up for the People’s Cause newspaper,andspeaking out with integrity on the war invading Korea,the war invading Vietnam,and theAlgerian War.He took the side of justice in all the post-war struggles,expressed sympathy forthe disenfranchised,and opposed the Cold War.

Sartre was born in Paris,and his father was a naval officer who died when Sartre wasless than two years old.Sartre’s childhood was spent with his maternal grandparents.Hisgrandfather was a professor of philology,so a large collection of books gave Sartre a goodeducation and a wealth of knowledge as a child.He entered the Lycée Henri in 1915,wherehe excelled in his studies and was influenced by the philosophy of Schopenhauer,Nietzsche,and others.Sartre studied philosophy at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris from 1924 to1928,known as the cradle of modern French thinkers.In 1933,Sartre went to Germany tostudy the philosophy of the German philosophers,such as Husserl and Heidegger,based onwhich he developed his existentialist philosophical system.That is to study man and the worldfrom the point of view of man and his consciousness and to regard the existence of hissubjective consciousness as the root of all existence.At the same time,he began to writeliterary works.

2.2 Main Thoughts of Sartre’s Existentialism

This thesis selects“the absurd world”,“alienation,”and“free choice”of Sartre’s basicexistentialist views to analyze the existentialist ideas embodied in the novel Little FiresEverywhere.The following is an introduction to the three views.

2.2.1 Absurdity of the World

The absurdity of the world is one of the essential themes of Existentialism.The world isabsurd,and life is painful.In a society of“perceptions”,there is inevitably conflict,struggle,and cruelty between people,full of horror and crime.

Firstly,absurdity is rooted in the contingency of existence.Existentialism believes thatthe objective world is a chaos of incomprehensible contingencies devoid of any laws orreason governed by occasionality.The world’s contingency necessarily results in thecontingency of human existence.Just because of the accidence and unpredictability,theexistence of objective things becomes meaningless,so life will also become meaning本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。