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logical system of certain classes, strata, and interest groups and their comprehensive reflection and judgment of the existing world and its order. “It is easier for people to treat facts with ideology than without ideology. Ideology provides a simple model for understanding complex reality. Ideology indicates the direction of the historical movement and justifies action by words” (Latham, 2003: 5). The ruling class’s ideology plays an essential role in the national rule. It has the natural function of maintaining the existing political and social order and transforming the ruling class’s ideology’s connotation and value demands into mainstream social consciousness. Therefore, it can provide a legitimate basis for its rule. Ideology has the function of guidance and Education. The ruled class consciously submits to the ruling class’s control through guidance and education. Ideological leadership means that the world outlook and values belonging to a country, class, or political party become a value consensus and occupy a dominant and leading position in the ideological field. 

Chapter Two The Destroyed Historical Culture and Westernized Education in India

I. “Taj Mahal” and the “Orientalism” in British Colonization

As a famous building in India, the Taj Mahal has been recognized because it conforms to British colonizers’ “Oriental aesthetics.” British colonizers regarded the Taj Mahal as a “silent Oriental woman.” Through possessing it, Britain realized the possession of Indian culture and then the country. India, regarded as “other,” cannot represent itself, and its history and culture can only be represented by British rulers. Therefore, only the monuments recognized by Europeans can become the officially recognized ancient Indian culture, while the unrecognized Indian monuments are ignored and become ruins. Indian culture has suffered a heavy blow. In addition, the thought that the West is superior and the East is inferior makes Indians still view the world through the eyes of British. India is still under the control of the West and has lost its ability to innovate. 

As one of the four ancient civilizations in the world, India has created a splendid culture in the history of human civilization. However, since the end of the 15th century, with the opening of new sea routes, Western powers such as Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Britain entered the Indian subcontinent in succession and has exerted an indelible influence on Indian culture and society. Among these countries, Britain has the most profound influence on India. In the 18th century, with its powerful economic and military strength, Britain successfully defeated other European powers and established its dominance in India. British colonial rule over India has an intense color of Orientalism.

Orientalism is a kind of cognitive system of the Western world to understand the Eastern world, a kind of political discourse that the Western world tries to dominate the East from the Western perspective. In Orientalism, Said presents three definitions of Orientalism in his book Orientalism. First, Orientalism is a subject of academic research. But Said admits that this term is less preferred than“Oriental studies or area studies” by specialists today because it is too vague and general. Second, “Orientalism is a style of thought based upon an ontological and epistemological distinction ma本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。