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l these resources is the principal or the head-master. Here is a list of his expected duties: find the best and cheapest way to achieve the objectives, careful planning, organization of human resources and materials, using the physical resources in the best way, controlling and monitoring all the different school activities, decision-making and the evaluation of the progress and achievements. In short, “school management means the use of people and other resources to accomplish the objectives of the school.” a definition of Kutz and Boone (1984), quoted by M.&N. Dash(2008).

3 Research methodology and research methods

In the previous chapter we had a look at the different aspects of the literature review, in this part the researcher will be focussing on the research methodology and the research methods.

3.1 Research

Before defining the research methodology and methods it is important to know what research is. Bassey (1999:38) cited in the book of Ann Briggs and Marianne Coleman that “research is systematic, critical and self-critical enquiry which aims to contribute towards the advancement of knowledge and wisdom.” In this definition we have some keywords which need to be explained in order to clearly understand the meaning of research. The first word is “systematic” which means that a research must be done in an orderly and structured way. We have also “critical and self-critical” which implies that the study must be done in such a way that others can scrutinise, judge and criticise. Finally a research must be done with the main objective of adding knowledge to what has already been discovered.

3.2 Research methodology

In accordance with M.S.Sridhar (2008) reaearch methodology is “a science of studying how research is done scientifically in order to systematically solve the research problem by logically adopting various steps. It helps to understand not only the product of scientific inquiry but the product itself. Finally it aims to describe and analyse methods, throw light on their limitations and resources.” In this definition we can say that research methodology is a way to methodically solve the research problem. It may be understood as an art of studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study a variety of steps that are generally used by a researcher in studying his research problem along with the reason behind them.

3.2.1 Types of methodologies

There are three main type of methodologies namely, qualitative research, quantitative research and the mixed methods

3.2.1.1 Qualitative research

Qualitative research is the collection of information through observations, interviews and by analysing documents and summarising the conclusion primarily through narrative or verbal means. Examples of qualitative research methodologies are case study, ethnographic study, grounded theory, phenomenological study, etc

3.2.1.2 Quantitative research

As for quantitative research, it is an approach which summarises results obtained numerically. In fact this type tries to measure the problem and identify how prevailing it is by looking for projectable results to a larger population. Examples of quantitative research methodologies are survey research, experimental research, correlational research, casual-comparative research, etc.