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本文是一篇英语毕业论文，论文首先关注与作家创作有关的现实地理，分析地理因素对作家的影响；进而分析文本地理空间的建构与隐喻意义；最终探究文本地理空间的意义指归，以实现地理与文学作品的良性互动关系，为文学作品解读提供有益补充。

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction to E.M.Forster and A Passage to India

Edward Morgan Forster is one of the greatest British novelists of the 20th century.Hewas born in London,the capital of the United Kingdom.Forster spent his happiestchildhood in Rooksnest Stevenage,a city near London.The expansive coastline withconvenient transportation had nurtured the spirit of exploration.When he was a teenager,Forster moved to Tonbridge and attended Tonbridge school,where he spent an unpleasanttime and aroused a sense of antipathy for the British middle and upper class.During hislife at Cambridge University,Forster enjoyed his happy years with an Indian,G.E.Moore.After receiving his degree from Cambridge University,Forster began his journey.He firsttraveled to Italy and Greece,where he lived temporarily.From 1912 to 1913,in thecompany of G.E.Moore,Forster traveled to India twice and created A Passage to Indiaout of his experiences and feelings.

A Passage to India is generally regarded as Forster’s masterpiece.It is divided intothree parts.In the first part“Mosque”,Forster describes a typical Indian architecture ofreligion.The mosque is built next to the British club,and serves as a humanisticgeographical landscape.Forster also depicts a“Bridge Party”,where the British and theIndian try to communicate with each other.Miss Adela Quested and Mrs.Moore know theIndian doctor Aziz in this part.The second part is“Caves”,where Forster portrays amysterious natural landscape Marabar Caves,which is endowed with metaphoricalmeanings of emptiness and nothingness.In this part,Miss Adela Quested feels that Azizinsults her and accuses Aziz of his rape,intensifying the conflict between the British andthe Indian.But finally,Miss Adela Quested withdraws her charge.

1.2 Literature Review

Published in 1924,A Passage to India has received a lot of attention as themasterpiece of Forster’s literary work.It had been analyzed and interpreted from differentperspectives by the literary critics and scholars both abroad and at home.In the earlyperiod,many critics mainly focused on its writing techniques,such as the narrative skills,symbols,and rhythms from the aesthetic point of view.With the development ofpost-colonialism,some critics began to explore it through postcolonial theories.In the20th century,most articles and monographs kept various discussions,such as literarygeography,across-culture research,philosophy of art and themes.

This section will classify the studies or interpretations about A Passage to India bothabroad and at home for the further understanding of the novel.

1.2.1 Research Abroad

A Passage to India has received many criticisms since it was published.In A Passageto India,Forster made the best use of the images and the rhythms to make the novelremarkably different.Thus,many researchers were interested in its writing techniques.Among them,Glen O.Allen analyzed the symbols in A Passage to India in his essayStructure,Symbol and Theme in E.M.Forster’s A Passage to India.The author paidmuch attention to the symbolic meaning of the mosque,the caves and the temple.Hepointed out that these three places represent the three seasons of the Indian year:coolspring,本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。