英语论文网

ey bump into．If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline，a gyroscope(陀螺仪)inside it senses the vertical differential .TO determine Its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser. light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions(障碍物)in its path•These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer，which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions．As science and technology advance the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial intelligence programs,
36 The writer begins the passage by comparing
A a real-life robot with a fictional robot.
B the shape of a human being with a box．
C an imaginary machine with a human．
D a robot with a computer program．
37 The word “humanoid” in Paragraph 1 means
A lacking human feelings．
B lacking human characteristics．
C having a human form and characteristics
D lacking human intelligence．
38 According to the first paragraph，artificial intelligence is
A the unnatural way in which robots move．
B a voiceless，box—shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks
C a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes
D a sensor that detects troubles in a robot．
39 The last paragraph suggests that future robots will
A surpass human beings in intelligence．
B be more humanlike in behavior and action．
C use a laser to transmit information．
D will perform very complicated household jobs．
40 Another good title for this passage would be
A Robots：Taking the Place of Humans．
B Artificial Intelligence Programs．
C Modern—Day Sensors．
D Today’ S Robots and How They Function

第三篇 Why Humans Walk on Two Legs
A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees (黑猩猩) trained to use treadmills (跑步机) has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours.
Michael sockol , researcher of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax (劝诱) adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on all fours. ( 职称英语考试网 www.yingyukaoshi.com )
The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out, the scientists collected data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion (移动) used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill.
The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than on all fours.
"We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs-but that finding wouldn't have been as interesting, Sockol said. "what we found was much more telling. For three chimps, bipedalism was more expensive, but for the other two chimps, this wasn't the case. One spent about the same energy walking on two legs as on all fours The other used less energy walking upright。" These two chimps had different gaits (步法) and anatomy (解剖) than 'their