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uld be. He just lives in his illusion and idealization of being a successful salesman. This flaw in his character plays an important role in his tragedy. That character is destiny, as some people say, is perhaps true here. His death might be his escape from the harsh reality after the destruction of his dream.

 

   Apart from the social and character factors, the tension between him and Biff is another cause of Willy’s death. From the beginning of the play, we have known that Willy is not clear-minded and is obsessed by some secret. Later we know that it is also this secret that smashed Willy’s authority as a father, shattered Biff’s admiration and idealization of Willy, deteriorated the father-and-son relationship, made Biff give up his life and destroyed his future (For more than ten years, he succeeds in nothing and just wanders around). Willy feels guilty for being an adulterer and also for leading to Biff’s failure in his life. As a father he loves Biff most and is proud of him, so Biff’s failure in his career is a big hit to him. If the father-and-son relationship is well established and harmonious, perhaps Willy will not undergo and suffer so much such a psychological pressure. He drives himself into an accident and dies willingly in order to secure the life insurance money for his sons. At the end of the play, and before Willy’s death, there is a moving scene:

Willy (after a long pause, astonished, elevated): Isn’t that---- isn’t that remarkable? Biff---- he likes me!

Linda: He loves you, Willy!

Happy (deeply moved): Always did, Pop.

Willy: Oh Biff! (Staring wildly ) He cried! Cried to me. ( He is choking with his love…  (Miller 133)

 

   From the analysis above, we know that, in a harsh world, Willy, under the pressure of social environment and his failure both as a salesman and as a father, can only find release in death. There is little or no choice on the part of the hero. Willy tries in vain to extricate himself from the physical and spiritual quandary into which he had fallen. His “phony dream” as Biff calls it, follows him to the grave. However, Miller is not completely pessimistic, as Chang says, “Reading his plays, one feels a faith in man and in life, however vague it may be, though very often gloom overweighs hope” (Chang 397-98). Willy is dead, but Biff perhaps can find himself after his father’s death.

 

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