英语论文网

外国直接投资是企业的国际化进程的关键

中国和印度作为两个最大的发展中国家，自1980年以来经历了外国直接投资流动的快速增加(《2007年世界投资报告》)。中国成为了世界上最有吸引力的目标，外国直接投资与年平均流入从1985—1992年的39亿美元到1993—2000年的37.8亿美元，再到2001—2006年的590亿美元 (《2007年世界投资报告》)。自1991年“门户开放”政策的实施，印度已经受到了更多的外国直接投资进入这个国家。与只有20- 30 亿美元的1990年代相比，2006年印度的外国直接投资流入量为175亿美元(《2007年世界投资报告》)。然而,其总外商直接投资仍然落后于中国。引起外国直接投资在这两个国家的流动差异的原因为进一步的研究提供了一个有趣的领域。本文献综述旨在研究外国直接投资流入中国和印度的因素。

本文的结构如下：第一节讨论外国直接投资流入的决定因素。第二节对其进行总结。

外国直接投资的决定因素是什么?

Fdi Is Pivotal To The Internationalization Process Of Firms Economics Essay

China and India, as the two largest developing economies, have experienced rapid increases in FDI flows since 1980 (World Investment report, 2007). China emerges as one of the world most attractive destination for FDI with the annual average inflows rising from $3.9bn in 1985-92 to $37.8 bn in 1993-2000 and $59 bn in 2001-06 (World investment report, 2007). Since the implementation of “open door” policy in 1991, India has received more FDI into the country. FDI inflow in 2006 was $17.5 bn compared to only $2-3 bn during the 1990s (World investment report, 2007). However, its total FDI is still lagging behind China. The causes of differences in FDI flows between these two countries suggest an interesting area for further research. This literature review aims to examine the determinants of FDI inflows in China and India.

The review is structured as follows: section 1 discusses the determinants of FDI inflows. Section 2 concludes.

What are the determinants of FDI?

According to Blonigen (2005), FDI inflows are determined by both endogenous and exogenous factors. Particularly, internal factors include gross domestic product (GDP), country risk and political risk while external factors range from exchange rates, taxes to trade protection and trade flows. Nonnemberg and Mendonca (2004) studied the determinants of FDI by using panel data analysis for 38 developing countries. They found that market size, the level of education; trade openness, inflation, country risk and per capita energy consumption were significant determinants for FDI flows. Although there are various determinants identified across the literature, the most important factors can be summarized as: market size, political risk, exchange rate, inflation, trade openness, human capital and infrastructure (Sinha, 2007).

沪ICP备10026080号-1