the world stage is only a matter of time. The above mentioned three levels of entrepreneurs locate in all walks of life in China with distribution of a variety of enterprises and different levels.
(B) Composition of entrepreneurship education
Culture composition is one of important reflections in the overall quality of entrepreneurs. Sample surveys which preformed via Chinese Entrepreneurs Survey System show that: overall situation of Chinese Entrepreneurs is, as Table 1: the proportion with graduate degrees is 6.3%, the proportion of undergraduate education is 34.3%, and the proportion of tertiary education is 40.2%. The sum of the above three reflects that the proportion of college degree or higher is as high as 80.8%, this proportion fully expresses that since the reform and opening up, the cultural quality of Chinese entrepreneurs has improved significantly.
In addition, views from different types of ownership; education level of the state-owned enterprises and joint-stock enterprises were obviously higher than other ownership forms. Entrepreneurs in state-owned enterprises with college degree and above education is 92%, joint-stock enterprises is up to 83.2%; looking from Enterprise-scale point of view, proportion of a university degree from operators of large enterprises is higher than small and medium enterprises, which respectively represent 59.9% and 32.4%. This shows that Chinese large state-owned enterprises and joint-stock enterprises have a comparative advantage in the cultural quality of ranks of entrepreneurs, how to play their advantages better plays an important role in promoting business management levels and capacity of market competitiveness.
Table 1 operators’ education levels from different ownership and business size (%)
education
level Corporate ownership enterprise size amount
State-owned collectively-owned private shareholding Foreign investment Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment Large size Small and Medium size
Junior high school
Or less 0.6 .3.9 8.2 3.0 3.4 3.3 1.4 3.8 2.9
High School
Or less 7.4 25.7 34.1 13.8 13.4 18.5 6.1 20.2 15.3
junior college 39.7 48.2 43.1 39.2 31.5 40.1 32.6 43.6 40.2
university 45.2 18.6 9.9 34.8 40.1 31.0 50.6 26.1 34.3
postgraduates 7.1 3.6 4.7 9.2 11.6 6.5 9.3 6.3 7.3
amount 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 100 100 100
(n) 1165 280 364 666 292 184 1010 1964 3012
(China Entrepreneurs Network, 1999)
(C) Age composition of entrepreneurs
Rejuvenation of business leaders not only reflect the entrepreneurs have good physique, abundant energy, able to adapt heavy management work, but also have the capacity of adopting innovative ideas and methods of enterprises’ strategy decision in the intense competition under the market economy, which will add a new business culture to organization, and make enterprises more dynamic.
Tracking results from Chinese Entrepreneurs Survey System show that the average age of business leaders is between 47 and 51 years old. 1999 survey results are as follows: average age of business operators was 47.2 years old; looking from different ownerships, state-owned enterprises’ managers had the average age of the m
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