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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2015-06-17编辑:felicia点击率:23976
论文字数:22438论文编号:org201506082101382550语种:英语 English地区:加拿大价格:免费论文
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摘要:这是一篇医学类留学论文,简要叙述了传统意义上大家对药剂师的看法和认识,并探讨了药剂师在医疗事业中的重要作用。
There are 27 thousands pharmacists in Indonesia that serves almost 250 million people distributed in 10.880 pharmacy stores (Siswadi, 2009). The Indonesian Pharmacist Association (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia, IAI) assumes that the number of pharmacists exceed the real need of pharmacists. Ideally one pharmacist serves 10 thousand people but the current situation shows reduced number of market scope. In addition, nearly 3500 fresh pharmacists enter the market annually thus makes the competition is more difficult than before. All of Indonesian pharmacists are the member of IAI, while IAI as the other professional organization only owns power to regulate internal organization with limitation role as partnership of government on regulating pharmaceutical field.
The establishment of a pharmacy store is regulated under ministerial decree no. 1032/2002 that every pharmacist is allowed to open a new pharmacy with permission from the minister of health. A new pharmacy has to fulfill special requirements such as in facilities, building, manpower and financial liability. The supervision of the pharmacy is carried out by two organization, the first is ministry of health through local health department that supervise the operational work of pharmacy, and the second is the national agency of drug and food control (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, BPOM) that controls the post marketing vigilance in the distribution outlets include pharmacy. Sometimes the job of these two organizations overlap each other, this because from the historical view BPOM at the previous was the sub branch of the ministry of health than became independent to perform task on drug monitoring effectively.
Insurance system is not popular in Indonesia so most of patients buy the medicine out of pockets. Unless for the very poor people, government will not reimburse the cost of medicines consume by patients. In daily practice there are two kinds of drug which are OTC (Other the counter) drug that is freely available in pharmacy and common stores and also ethical drug or prescription only medicine which requires doctor prescription that is only sold in pharmacy. To decrease the financial burden of pharmaceutical consumption, government strongly suggests the use of generic medicine under the ministerial decree No. 85/1989.
Role of Community Pharmacist
Pharmacists in Indonesia like the other developing countries are influenced by the political and socioeconomic condition. Pharmacists are mostly dealing with compounding and dispensing of the drugs with a few本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。