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Ports, associated freight transport logistics processes and information requirements were considered in substantial details in the EU funded projects of AMCAI, (Bluemel, E. et. al., 1997), DAMAC-HP, (Bluemel, E., et. al., 2000), SPHERE, (Schmidt, F. A., et. al., 1997) and BALTPORTS-IT, (Bluemel, E, and Novitski, L., 2005). Aspects of this work are further discussed in “Introduction to BALTPORTS-IT: Applications of Simulation and IT-Solutions in the Baltic Port Areas” and will be presented at ESM 2005. The above named research programmes were targeted at the industrial utilisation of ports, cargo transfer technologies, simulation models to mirror and mimic activities and evaluate the performance of ports and related information systems. Information, information systems, information transfer and the timely availability of the correct information were identified as being paramount to the efficient operation of ports. The frequent unavailability of information was also identified by both industry and the EC as a bottleneck to improved efficiency and a major challenge in the promotion of short sea shipping and intermodal freight transport (COM(2003) 155 final 2003/0056 (COD)).

One of the project proposals under the umbrella of the EU’s IST programme that took up this challenge in 2004 was eLOGMAR-M. It proposed the development and use of Web-portals for freight transport services along the logistics supply chain using the routes (sea and / or direct rail) from the Baltic States toChinain its demonstration. The use of Web portals as part of information systems relating to the activities of the port community has been successfully explored in BALTPORTS-IT and forms one of the assets of the Baltic Sub-Regional Competence Centre (BSRCC) where it is used in distributed and Web-based simulation of port operation aimed in particular at container transport (Bluemel, E., Babot, J., and Novitsky, L., 2003). It is a natural progression from the consideration of ports and their operations to the wider picture of supply chains and related activities with emphasis on associated information requirements and systems supporting and enabling the availability and the transfer of information.

BACKGROUND

The above deliberations beg the clarification of ‘transport logistics’ versa ‘supply chain’, or more correctly, ‘logistics management’ versa ‘supply chain management’. In short, logistics management is concerned in the main with the management of inventory, warehousing and distribution. Supply chain management encompasses and addresses all aspects of procurement, manufacture, inventory management, warehousing, distribution, sales, order processing and customer services across all industry sectors and all companies from large multi-nationals to indigenous SMEs. Figure 2 below illustrates a typical supply chain (IBEC-CBINI; Anderson, B.; Schmidt, F.A.; Fynes, B,; 2002).

Figure 2: Typical land-based Supply Chain

Figure 2 traces the flow of products from sourcing or buying raw material through manufacturing or making, distributing or moving to customer or selling. In simple term本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。