澳洲教育学英语论文 [6]
论文作者:jessica论文属性:学期论文 termpaper登出时间:2014-11-27编辑:jessica点击率:13164
论文字数:5576论文编号:org201411222035361844语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:英语教育澳洲论文焦虑教育论文第二语言
摘要:学习第二语言时,是否会出现紧张的情绪,它们会影响你学习的效果吗
e not necessarily apprehensive in their native language. In fact, L2 communication apprehension is best predicted by native language apprehension.
The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA), first developed by McCroskey in 1970, was revised in 1982 to a 24-item from which is used to assess adults’ communication apprehension in four situations, namely, in dyad interpersonal conversation, group discussion, meetings and public speaking. In one article, McCroskey proposed that the validity of a measure was best predicted by the consistency between empirical results and hypotheses of experiments based upon theories relating to the construct of the measure. He summarized studies which employed the PRCA as a measure of communication apprehension according to the five proposition of communication apprehension theory. These five propositions were:
1. People vary in the degree to which they are apprehensive about oral communication with other people.
2. People with high oral communication apprehension seek to avoid oral communication.
3. People with high oral communication apprehension engage in less oral communication than do less orally apprehensive people.
4. When people with high oral communication apprehension do communicate, their oral communication behavior differs from that of people who are less apprehensive.
5. As a result of their oral communication behavior, highly communicatively apprehensive people are perceived less positively by others than are less apprehensive people (McCroskey 1978).
The PRCA conducted according to four types of communication apprehension which were the most obvious types an individual encountered in the communication contexts (McCroskey, 1982). Trait-Like Communication Apprehension is the first type which experienced by many persons in a rather general state across all communication contexts. Generalized-Situation Communication Apprehension which represents communication apprehension in a single generalized context is the second type. For instance, one person may be highly apprehensive in one situation, for example public speaking, but may experience less anxiety in other situations as small group discussion. The third type is Person-Group Communication Apprehension which involves an orientation of the individual toward communication with a specific person or group of persons under whatever circumstances the communication took place. Situation Communication Apprehension is the fourth type, it combines those apprehension orientations above which happened to the individual while communicating with given individual or groups, in a given time and context.
3.3.2 Test anxiety
Test anxiety is, “the tendency to become alarmed about the consequences of inadequate performance on a test or other evaluation”(Sarason 1984), investigated in L2 learning process, and the results of these studies are very confusing and not easy to interpret. In Young’s study (1986), an outstanding negative correlation between anxiety and the Oral Proficiency Interview is found. In another study, Chastain (1975) correlated the test scores of French, German, and Spanish learners with two anxiety scales. And Chastain also found that the scores of French audio-lingual method students were negatively correlated with the test anxiety, while the scores of traditional German and Spanish students wer
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