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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-07-17编辑:felicia点击率:17096
论文字数:7194论文编号:org201407171342532438语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:集中供热设施district heating schemeprocurement cost plannetwork of pipes承包商
摘要:这是一篇建筑学留学论文。集中供热系统是新时代建筑业中不可缺少的组成部分,与传统的供热设施相比,现代集中供热系统可以提高成本效益,降低二氧化碳的排放量。本文通过集中供热设施的安装方案的探索,分析安装过程中出现的问题,探讨其相关的注意事项,促进供热系统的不断完善,促进建筑业的不断发展。
To install a district heating scheme to serve 100 pensioners bungalows.
To conduct the feasibility study of CHP/CH for district heating.
To establish contractual and procurement issues that may occur in this project scheme.
To study life cycle costing of the district heating scheme.
CHAPTER 3: FEASIBILITY STUDY OF CHP/CH FOR DISTRICT HEATING SCHEMES
Any CH development, whether new or refurbished, large or small, should start with a feasibility study, during which the technical and economic viability of community heating, compared with other possible options, will clearly emerge. The application of CHP enhances the combined heat option by providing heat and power with a very high overall efficiency. So this section deals primarily with the feasibility of CHP/CH schemes. Options should be compared using sound economic principles, always ensuring that full life-cycle costing is used.
The content of the feasibility study will be far reaching and, in the course of the work, many fundamental decisions will be made as to the technical approach and the most attractive option to be pursued. Once the project development stage is reached it is much more difficult to change course. Consequently the feasibility study needs to be carefully procured, managed and fully discussed before proceeding further.
3.1: Defining the brief
Whether the study is being carried out in-house or using external resources, it is necessary to define a brief. This must state the objectives clearly, and provide information on existing buildings and their heating systems, the general aspirations of the organisation commissioning the study, and the time-scale for the study. Any particular issues of concern should be mentioned, but otherwise the brief should not constrain the scope of the study. If external consultants are to be appointed, their selection should be primarily on the basis of the capability, qualifications and experience of the study team and their approach and methodology.
The study should include engineering, economics, environmental and commercial issues, together with related health and safety matters, for which a comprehensive team of experts needs to be assembled, often with external consultants working closely with in-house lead personnel. An indication of the economic parameters to be used in assessing options should be provided in the brief, e.g. the test discount rate and the period of analysis to be assumed in a discounted cash flow analysis. Such information will be needed during the study, and early discussion and agreement on these parameters is advisable. It is important to insist that the correct basis of full life-cycle costing is applied to each of the options under consideration. Once the main options have been established, capital costs will need to be estimated, as well as operating and maintenance costs where these are the responsibility of the CHP/CH developer.
3.2: Heat and electricity demand Assessment
The starting point of a study is the determination of the market for heat, cooling and power. Initially, this involves enlisting support for a scheme from organisations such本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。