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Gaseous wastes are a by-product of any development but have increased severity in large scale developments which require a large amount of material and associated transportation, use of a greater amount and varying machinery and occur over a longer timescale. Transportation of materials will usually be by road, rail or occasionally by sea. In any case the method of transportation will produce gaseous emissions that will have an overall global warming effect and reduce the air quality locally and regionally. An increased local reduction in air quality occurs in areas around large developments with longer construction times due to the prolonged constant use of machinery in the same area. The production of construction materials also has a significant effect on air quality due to emissions of particularly damaging waste products from industrial plants.

垃圾的最小化——WASTE MINIMISATION:

Definition of waste minimisation:
'The reduction of waste at source, by understanding and changing processes to reduce and prevent waste. This is also known as process or resource efficiency. Waste minimisation includes the substitution of less environmentally harmful materials in the production process.'[4]
Designing out waste at the initial stages of the construction process provides the greatest opportunities for waste minimisation. The best way to manage waste, particularly hazardous waste, is to manage the process so that there is no waste to manage. This is definitely not easy, but the whole aim is that when a similar thought occurs, waste can be minimised if not eliminated.

垃圾最小化的好处——Benefits of Waste Minimisation:

* Increase resource efficiency
* Reduce costs
* Improve environmental performance
* Demonstrate best practice
* Ensure compliance with legal obligations
* Reduce disposal to landfill
* economic incentives
* social advantages
* internal business benefits
* external business benefits
Waste minimisation contributes to the increase efficiency in the utilisation of resources.
It also helps in reduction of cost of overall project, when the expenditure over the waste is reduced; thereby the cost of project also reduces.
Waste Minimisation understandsenvironmental improvementssuch as ameliorated pollution control, development of environmentally friendly products
Waste Minimisation ensureslegal compliancewith European Directives, UK Legislation and Regulations.
Waste minimisation will considerably reduce the disposal to landfill, thereby reducing the landfill tax.
Waste Minimisation haseconomic incentivessuch as diluted trade waste costs and better efficiency. It is important that any industry regards in implementing the waste minimisation initiatives because the introduction of the landfill tax means that waste disposal costs are set to increase in the future.
Waste Minimisation hassocial benefitsas the recycling and reuse methods allow employment and economic opportunities for local charities, voluntary groups, the community sector and businesses that can reuse or recycle materials.
Waste Minimisation hasinternal business benefitsby promoting a cultural change within any industry by nurturing environmental awareness. It also provides an opportunity for staff training and qu