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es an institutional structure for preventing and abating water pollution. It establishes standards for water quality and effluent. The objective of the Act was to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water and establishing Boards for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution for carrying out these purposes and conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions relating thereto and for matters connected therewith. Polluting industries must seek permission to discharge waste into effluent bodies. The CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) was constituted under this act. This Act was followed by the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977

1981 - The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act provides for the control and abatement of air pollution. The objective of the Act was to provide prevention, control and abatement of air pollution. For carrying out this function, the Act further provided the establishment of Boards and conferred powers related to the objectives of the Act. This Act basically aimed at the industrial pollution and automobile pollution. Without establishing separate Boards to carry out the functions envisaged in the Act, the already established Boards under Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 are conferred with the powers specified in this Act. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) (Union Territories) Rules came into existence in, 1982 and 1983 respectively.

The Wild Life (Protection Act), 1972 came into existence in the month of September, after the UN General Assembly Conference on Human Environment in June 1972, but it is not in compliance with the principles laid down at the conference. This Act was amended in 1991 and in 1996. The Rules came into being in 1995. Under this Act every State has to constitute a Wild Life Advisory Board. Certain areas are to be declared as sanctuaries and National Parks. This is Act is basically for the protection of animals, plants and birds which live in forests. Hunting of the wild animals is permitted only when such animals become dangerous to the human beings or it becomes diseased beyond recovery. This is to be done with the permission of wild life warden in writing. The same Act prohibits picking and uprooting of specified plants and cultivation of some other specified plants.

The well-known Environment (Protection) Act came in to existence in 1986- after 14 years of Stockholm Conference on Human Environment. A cursory analysis of its Preamble makes it obvious that the objectives of the enactment are three fold. 1. Protection of the environment 2. Improvement of environment 3. Prevention of hazards to

a) Human beings b) other living creatures, c) plants and d) property. This is an umbrella legislation, which covers from Radio- Active Substances disposal to use of plastic bags. All the notifications, rules and regulations dealing with the environmental protection are the subsidiaries of this Act.

It relates to the protection and improvement of environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property. This Act provided for coordination and planning of the nationwide programmes for the prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution, laid down standards for