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veryday living.) The treatment focuses on changing an individual's thoughts (cognitive patterns) in order to change his or her behavior and emotional state.

目标——Purpose
Theoretically, cognitive-behavioral therapy can be employed in any situation in which 'there is a pattern of unwanted behavior accompanied by distress and impairment. It is a recommended treatment option for a number of mental disorders, including affective (mood) disorders, personality disorders, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), eating disorders, substance abuse, anxiety or panic disorder, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.' The writer believes racism is a common phobia that can have many debilitating mental, and physical affectations on the receiver, such as depression, inferiority complexes, animosity and the sting of discrimination has in some instances led to violence. Constructive change is realized through positive, progressive thought, self esteem building education, applying proactive coping skills, mentoring, and positive communication efforts.

注意事项——Precautions
'Cognitive-behavioral therapy may not be suitable for some patients. Patients who do not have a specific behavioral issue they wish to address and whose goals for therapy are to gain insight into the past may be better served by psychodynamic therapy. Patients who undergo CBT must also be willing to take a very active role in the treatment process. Cognitive-behavioral intervention may be inappropriate for some severely psychotic patients and for cognitively impaired patients (for example, patients with organic brain disease or a traumatic brain injury), depending on their level of functioning.' Cognitive Behavior Therapy hereinafter referred to as (CBT) combines two very effective kinds of psychotherapy -cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. The concept of CBT was pioneered by psychologists Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis in the 1960s. 'Cognitive Therapy assumes that maladaptive behaviors and disturbed mood or emotions are the result of inappropriate or irrational thinking patterns, called automatic thoughts. Instead of reacting to the reality of a situation, an individual reacts to his or her own distorted viewpoint of the situation.'

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy used in the treatment of adults and children with depression. Its focus is on current issues and symptoms versus more traditional forms of therapy which tend to focus on a person's past history. The usual format is weekly therapy sessions coupled with daily practice exercises designed to help the patient apply CBT skills in their home environment. Behavior Therapy incorporates and applies a variety of techniques which aim to solve problems by bringing measurable and observable change to the client's behavior, altering behavior patterns in specific areas which are currently dysfunctional. The treatment is modified to meet the individual needs of the prospective patient. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, offers several other diverse approaches, which include Rational Emotive, Rational Behavior Therapy, Rational Living Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Dialectic Behavior Therapy, but for the purpose of this paper our emphasis will concentrate on the principle concepts of each theory (pro / con), key figures involved, and any o