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预设思维有助于学生准确理解原文。后测结果显示实验班学生的成绩有了显著提高，学生们不仅对翻译和英语学习提高了兴趣，对枯燥的语言分析也有了很大兴趣，这种情况反过来又促进了学生的英语学习，学生的翻译能力自然会得到很大提高。

Literature Review
In this Chapter,a brief introduction to presupposition was first made，and then previous studies on presupposition were reviewed both at home and abroad,followed by the studies on presupposition in translation.
Studies on Presupposition
The Definition of Presupposition
Presupposition was first put forth by Frege,a German philosopher,in 1892,when he published his famous article On Sense and Reference.In his article Frege expounded problems concerning the definition of presupposition in the following passage:“if anything is asserted there is always an obvious presupposition that the simple or compound proper names used have reference.”If one there asserts“Kepler died in misery,there is a presupposition that the name Kepler’designates something.”(Levinson,2001:170)Thus according to Frege,sentence(1) designates(2).
(1)Kepler died in misery.
(2)There was a man called Kepler.
Sentence(2)is the presupposition for the use of(1).Without the existence of Kepler,there is not something in misery or anything else at all.What’s more,Frege also first noted the same presupposition in the corresponding negative sentence.
According to that,sentence(3)presupposes sentence(2).
(3)Kepler did not die in misery.
There should also be a precondition that is sentence(2).Then Frege summarized a theory of presupposition with the following propositions:
1)Referring phrases and temporal clauses carry presuppositions to the effect that they do in fact refer.
2)A sentence and its negative counterpart share the same set of presuppositions.
3)In order for an assertion or a sentence to be either true or false,its Presuppositions must be true or satisfied.(Levinson,2001:170)
It is obvious that Frege suggests that the presupposition is a precondition of a sentence or an assertion.Sentence(4)and sentence(5)are frequently quoted classic examples:
(4)The king of France is bald.
(5)There is a king of France.
Sentence(4)is meaningless in fact since its presupposition sentence(5)is not sure.

Bibliography
[1]D Commings,Louise.Pragmatics,A Multidisciplinary Perspective[M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2005.
[2]Daniel Vanderveken(ed).Logic,Thought and Action.Logic[C]．Springer Netherlands 2005，245-266.
[3]Horn,L.Presupposition,Theme and Variations[A]．The Parasession on Pragmatics and Grammatical Theory(22 Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society,Part2)[C].Chicago: https://www.51lunwen.org/daxueyingyu/

University of Chicago,1986.168-192.
[4]Karttunen,L.Presuppositions of Compound Sentences[J]．Linguistics Inquiry,1973,(4):169-193.
[5]Lucia,H.B.Manara,and Anne De Roeck.A belief-centered Treatment of Pragmatic
Presupposition[A]．G.,Goos,J.Hartmanis,and J.van Leeuwen(eds.).Lecture Notes in Computer Science[C]．New York:Springer Berlin/Heidelberg,1997.
[6]Peter Fawcett.Translation and Language:Linguistic Theories Explained.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
[7]Piwek,P，and E,Krahmer.Presuppositions in Context:Constructing Bridge[A].P.Bonzon, M.Cavalcanti&R.Nossum(eds.)vol.20.Formal Aspects of Context
[8]Russell,B.On Denoting[J]．Mind.1905，479-493.

Abstract 7-8
摘要 9-10
Chapter 1 Introduction 10-13
1.1 Research Background 10-11
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