英语论文网

ults of the interaction between the personand the environment around him. Likewise, Murray hold the similar opinion. So as the main place whereEnglish learning takes place, classroom environment is quite important for the learning outcomes. So thepresent study can verify these theories.
........

Chapter Ⅱ Literature Review

2.1 Definition of key terms
For Chinese students, English is the main foreign language that have to be learned by each student.However, because of the lack of natural and native learning environment, many students find it moredifficult to learn English well than other subjects, thus seeming to suffer more serious English learningburnout than other kinds of learning burnout.Because any kind of learning burnout tend to take on the similar characteristics, many researchersadopt the definition of learning burnout for that of foreign language learning burnout. The definition oflearning burnout is derived from job burnout. According to Freudenberg (1974), burnout is related to workstress. It refers to a series of symptoms caused by long-time and tedious work which leads to great pressureand cannot be relieved in time. This definition is the most authoritative one and also the one that is mostfrequently cited. Based on it, many scholars attempted to define learning burnout from different aspects.Pines and Kafry (1980) and Meier (1985) believed that learning burnout is the result of long-timeacademic pressure and load which cause students’ energy exhaustion, makes them gradually lose interest inlearning and school activities, shows indifference to others and hold a negative attitude against learning.Schaufeli and other scholars (2002) defined learning burnout as the symptoms of emotional exhaustion,cynicism and depersonalization, which are caused by excessive learning demand.In China, some Taiwan scholars took the first step to conduct researches on learning burnout. Theyattempted to define learning burnout on the basis of the characteristics of Chinese culture, students andlearning situations. Zhang Zhiyao (1989) and Yang Huizhen (1998) believed that learning burnout is thephenomenon of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lower self-efficacy that result from academicpressure and load as well as individuals’ psychological factors. Inland scholars, Yang Lixian and Lian Rong(2005) defined learning burnout like this: Students have no interest in learning or lack motivation to learnbut have to do that, thus they feel upset, suffer physical and mental exhaustion and hold a negative attitudetowards learning. This definition is frequently cited by many Chinese scholars.
.......

2.2 Theoretical basis
The theoretical foundation of classroom environment can date back to the 1930s when Kurt Lewin(1936) proposed the dynamic field theory and the formula B=f (P, E). In his opinion, when discussing aperson’s behavior, we must take the whole circumstance into consideration. He believed that any kind ofhuman behavior (B) was the result of the interplay between humans or persons (P) and the environment (E)around them. In order to analyze a person’s behavior in a given situation more precisely, Lewin againproposed the concept of psychological environment. He believed that psychological factors also exertedinfluence on a person’s behavior. Thus he is regarded as “pioneer” in the field of educational environmentresearch.Based on Lewin’s theory, Murray (1938) proposed