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摘要：本文是一篇美国留学论文。随着经济的不断发展，社会生活节奏加快，交通事业出现了显著的变化，在不同的交通工具中,公路运输是最常见的。为了实现公路运输系统的优化，交通和运输工程师一直努力提高道路交通系统的可访问性和流动性。本文通过全球范围内道路交通导致的死亡人数和意外事故，分析解决问题的办法，以减少经济损失，降低事故发生率，促进国家稳定。

her countries also showing noteworthy numbers of deaths include Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Ghana (Jacobs et al, 2000)

1.1 Background

Every country around the world implements a certain amount of road safety work. Terje Assum (1998) appointed by the World Bank, completed a study on appraisal of road safety initiatives in five African countries namely Cote d’Ivoire, Benin, Kenya, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. A framework of a road safety strategy was also drawn out in the review. In this dissertation, the focus will be placed on Nigeria and Ghana using the initiative used on the other five countries since all African countries have similar road safety problem.

Road safety work and strategy in Nigeria and Ghana will be reviewed by comparing with the cases in advanced countries including the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. These Administrations are selected due to the fact that both Nigeria and Ghana are the regional powers of West Africa, both countries have the highest gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) in West Africa and both have good economic stability. The United Kingdom was chosen because it has developed safety on its road to a very good level and has one of the best road safety records in the world. In economic terms, the annual gross domestic products values of Nigeria and Ghana range are 327.439 US Billion dollars and 36.135 US Billion dollars respectively whilst other West African countries are only below 31.216 US Billion dollars (International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2009). Similar economic background enables a comparable platform for the analysis of their road safety work.

1.2 Study Approach

The study will identify the traffic accident characteristics of Nigeria and Ghana and evaluate the extent of road safety work implemented there. It aims to give an overview on road safety work progress in both countries. Information of the road safety work in the both countries will be collected by surfing the World Wide Web from relevant official internet websites and enquiring the officers of road safety officers from the two countries via email and telephone. A logical approach will then be adopted to carry out a comparative review. It will be based on eight components of a road safety strategy suggested in by Terja Assum (1998).

1.3 Scope of Study

The study entails three parts: Literature Review, Case Studies, and Analysis & Discussion. In the Literature Review section, the nature and the causes of road accidents will first be illustrated. Then the countermeasures of road accidents will be discussed, followed by the explanation of the components of a road safety strategy and the growth stages of road safety strategy. In the Case Studies section, the features of road accidents in the two countries will be highlighted and the road safety work in these countries will be compared in terms of the eight components. In the last section, an assessment based on the findings will be conducted followed by a discussion.

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Nature of Road the road safety problem