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reason why written direct CF is superior to oral recasts maybe lies in itsexplicitness, because the former CF can draw learner’s attention to the errors they havecommitted while the latter CF failed to do that.
The current study is based on the assumption that all learners are the same withoutindividual difference and will all benefit from corrective feedback. Another possibility is thatlearners may differ in their ability and readiness to benefit from corrective feedback. Moreand more studies now examine how individual factors such as anxiety influence the effects ofdifferent types of corrective feedback, (e.g. Trofimovich, Amman & Gatbonton, 2007). So itis possible that not for all learners explicit corrective feedback is superior to implicitcorrective feedback when studying the same linguistic feature.

References
[1] Ammar，A. , & Spada，N. ( 2006 ). One size www.51lunwen.org/englishpaperguide/ fits all? Recasts, prompts, and L2 learning.Studies in Second Language Acquisition，28 , 543 - 574 .
[2] Ammar，A.，& Gatbonton，E. ( 2007 ). How effective are recasts? The role of attention.memory，and analytical ability. In A. Mackey (Ed.), Conversational interaction in secondlanguage acquisition: A series of empirical studies (pp. 171 195 ). Oxford : OxfordUniversity Press .
[3] Ashwell，T. ( 2000 ). Patterns of teacher response to student writing in a multiple-draftcomposition classroom: Is content, feedback followed by form feedback the best method?Journal of Second Language Writing , 9，227 - 257 .
[4] Bley-Vroman，R. , & Chaudron , C. ( 1994 ). Elicited imitation as a measure of secondlanguage competence. In E. Tarone & A. D. Cohen (Eds.)，Research methodology insecond-language acquisition (pp. 245 - 262 ).
[5] Carroll，S.，& Swain , M. ( 1993 ). Explicit and implicit negative feedback: An empiricalstudy of the learning of linguistic generalizations. Studies in Second LanguageAcquisition .15 , 357 - 386 .
[6] Chandler . J. ( 2003 )? The efficacy of various kinds of error feedback for improvement inthe accuracy and fluency of L2 student writing. Journal of Second Language Writing，12,267 - 296.
[7] Ellis, R. (1997). SLA Research and Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[8] Ellis, R. ? Basturkmen , H. , & Loewen , S. ( 2001 ). Learner uptake in communicativeESL lessons. Language Learning , 51 , 281 - 318 .
[9] Ellis , R. , Loewen，S.，& Erlam，R. ( 2006 ). Implicit and explicit corrective feedbackand the acquisition of L2 grammar. Studies in Second Language Acquisition，28 , 339-368.
[10] Ellis , R. , & Sheen , Y. ( 2006 ). Re-examining the role of recasts in L2 acquisition.Studies in Second Language Acquisition，28，575 - 600 .

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