英语论文网

culture of the language community. Wundt and Humbolt(1997) view language not just as one cultural trait among many but rather as the directexpression of a people's national character, and as such as culture in a kind of condensedform. So from what have been discussed above, it can be inferred that both Englishlanguage learning and English culture learning are necessary components of acquiringintercultural communicative competence. In other words, the mastery of interculturalcommunicative competence requires not only mastering the foreign language, but alsoknowing well the foreign culture.
However, a lot of English learners and teachers in China think that the learning of aforeign language means only mastering the pronunciation, grammar, words, phrases,idioms and so on. Due to this kind of misunderstanding, for many years Englisheducation has been only focusing on developing learners’ linguistic competence.Therefore, it’s not surprising to find that lots of so-called excellent and successfullearners often encounter troubles or difficulties when communicating with nativespeakers, even though they can get high scores in various English tests. Of course,there’s no doubt that learners should master English linguistic knowledge well, which isa basic goal of foreign language teaching in China; however, in order to acquire goodintercultural communicative ability, learners should also have the basic culturalbackground knowledge of English-speaking countries.

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Introduction of Relative Terms
There are various definitions of attitude that put forward by scholars.Attitude generally refers to a complex mental state involving beliefs, feelings,values and dispositions to act in certain ways; while according to Wikipedia, attitude isa hypothetical construct that represents an individual's degree of like or dislike forsomething.Thurstone (1959: 126-127) regards attitude as “the intensity of positive andnegative affect for or against a psychological object，and a psychological object is anysymbol，person，phrase slogan，or idea toward which people can differ as regardspositive or negative effect.”Lemon (1973) proposes that attitudes may be changed by further learning, and it’sstrongly likely that attitudes toward an object are not openly manifested but stillmeasurable.Gardner and Lambert (1972) define attitude as the persistence in striving for a goal.Gardner (1980) elaborates on Likert's definition by defining attitude as the sum total ofa man's instinctions and feelings, prejudice or bias, preconceived notions, fears, threats,and convictions about any specified topic.Ajzan (1988) considers attitudes as a disposition to respond favorably orunfavorably to an object, person, institution, or event.Baker (1992) defines attitudes as a hypothetical construct used to explain thedirection and persistence of human behavior.

Chapter 3 Methodology........... 30-36
    3.1 Methodological Rationale........... 30-31
    3.2 The Design of the Empirical Study........... 31-36
        3.2.1 Participants........... 31
        3.2.2 Instrument........... 31-34
        3.2.3 Data Collection Procedure........... 34-36
Chapter 4 Discussions on the Data........... 36-45
   本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。