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am monolingual dictionaries: OALD8, LDOCE4 and CIDE. This chapterwill present the data we collected and analyze the pictorial illustrations in the threedictionaries and discuss the image-lemma relations from MDA perspective. Thetreatment of the pictorial illustrations in the three ELDs will be analyzed statisticallyto get a full picture of the current multimodal definition modes in advanced ELDs. After collecting and analyzing the data from the three dictionaries, we get resultsof entries with verbal definition and picture definition on such aspects as the wordsto be illustrated and their ratio.Following the procedure stated in Chapter Four, the statistical results are asfollows: there are 100 entries defined with pictorial illustrations in OALD8. Theentries illustrated include nouns (82), verbs (1), adjectives (7) and phrases (10). InLDOCE4, the illustrated entries also include nouns (184), verbs (37), adjectives (21)and phrases (18), totally 260 entries are explained with full color pictorialillustrations. 174 entries in CIDE are word-image entries which include 161 nouns, 2verbs, 6 adjectives and 5 multi-categories. And words that are accompanied withpictorial illustrations are in great difference in the three dictionaries. Interestinglyenough, only CIDE has the cross-reference system for illustrated words in the wholedictionary. The detailed number and percentage of the words illustrated in the threedictionaries are presented in Table 5.1, Table 5.2 and Table 5.3
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Conclusion

The present study is a research on the treatment of multimodal definition inadvanced ELDs from the MDA perspective. The major findings of this study aresummarized as follows:Firstly, in terms of the words to be illustrated, by analyzing the data collectedfrom the three appointed dictionaries of OALD8, LDOCE4 and CIDE, we find thatnouns, verbs, adjectives and some phrases, especially some noun phrases and verbalphrases are the ones that can be illustrated in advanced ELDs. The reasons for thisphenomenon is that the large proportion of these word classes in English languageenables them as the most important words to be collected in a dictionary as well asthe most common words that are being illustrated. In addition, we discover that thedifferent lexicographers’ subjective opinions and various purposes of the threedictionaries result in the final arrangement and numbers of words to be illustrated. Inthe latest OALD8, much attention is paid to help learners’ writing skill, to construct asystemic knowledge in certain aspect, such as some expressions in health, incomputer, etc., so the pictorial illustrations in the main body is decreased to makeroom for the full-page of instructions at the end of the dictionary. LDOCE4 andCIDE, on the contrary, put many pictorial illustrations in the microstructure.
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Reference (omitted)

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