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摘要：However, comprehension abilities，which have been proved by abundant researches tobe associated with the process of information input and correlate with the working memorycapacity, are tested and challenged in the listening and reading sections, which account forsixty percent of the whole exam.

previous studies, this is a new world for both linguists and psychologists.
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Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 The Definition of Working Memory and Working Memory Capacity
Over the past three decades, working memory has been frequently explored by variousresearchers, extending from its very origin in cognitive psychology to other areas ofcognitive science and neuroscience. It has been employed to study the sophisticatedmemory processes within such areas as education，psychiatry and paleoanthropology.The term working memory was first coined in 1960 by Miller, Galanter and Pribram intheir classic book Plans and the Structure of Behavior, In 1968, Atkinson and Shiffrinmentioned the term in an influential paper. And Baddeley and Hitch, six years later,adopted working memory，for the first time, as the title for a multicomponent model. The definition of working memory was put forward by Baddeley on the basis ofresearches on short-term memory. According to Baddeley, working memory refers to thelimited system or systems that are hypothesized to be indispensable so as to rememberthings while working on complex tasks like reasoning, comprehension and learning (1986).Right after it was presented, the concept became increasingly widely applied in subsequentyears and has been the focus of the studies in cognitive psychology and cognitiveneuroscience. Baddeley asserted that working memory provides a temporary space to storeand process information which is of necessity in complex activities (2010).

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2.2 Working Memory Models
Atkinson and Shififrin proposed that short-term memory systems work as the workingmemory，controlling the flow of information into and out of long-term memory and playinga crucial role in learning and in cognition. This model conceptualizes memory ascomprising a succession of storage systems in which information flows from theenvironment, into a series of temporary sensory buffers, which are essential parts ofperceptual processes, before being passed on to a limited short-term memory, which thenhelps to form the long-term memory (as cited in Baddeley，2010，p. 140),However，this model has two problems. The first one refers to the hypothesis that themaintenance of information in short-term memory will be useful for the formation oflong-term memory, which is proved to be incorrect by abundance of subsequent researchesand investigations. Secondly，according to Atkinson and Shififrin model, the absence of anadequate short-term memory will lead to the disability to store information and hence such persons with impaired short-term memory should not be able to leam. By contrast, studieshave found that those patients showed actually normal long-term learning.
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Chapter Three Methodology......... 18
3.1 Hypotheses......... 18
3.2 Participants......... 18
3.3 Materials......... 18
3.3.1 Working Principle of the Software......... 18
3.2.2 Test for English Majors (2012)......... 19
3.4 Variable .........19
3.5 Procedure......... 20
3.5.1 Reading Span Task......... 20
3.5.2 Test for English Majors (2012)，Grade Four......... 20
3.6 Measurement and Analysis......... &本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。