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are the similarities and differences between the confirmative tag question and the affective tag question? 
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Chapter One Literature Review  

The  tag  question,  which  is  simple  in  words  but  complicated  in patterns, is commonly seen in English, especially in oral English. In this chapter,  we  will  provide,  within  the  limited  access  to  the  existing resources,  an  overview  of  the  previous  studies  on  the  tag  question  made by  linguists  and  scholars  at  home  and  abroad.  It  is  a  heated  topic  in language  research  from  different  perspectives,  such  as  syntax,  semantics and pragmatics. We will comment on the previous studies by pointing out their merits and demerits according to our own understandings.  

1.1 Previous Studies on the Tag Question
In  this  section,  different  approaches  to  the  tag  question  will  be presented respectively. They can be found in works written by linguists or grammarians both at home and abroad. The  syntactic  approach  to  the  tag  question  mainly  focuses  on  the structure and the transformation of the tag question.  The  studies  on  the  structure  of  the  tag  question  can  be  seen  in English  dictionaries  and  a  lot  of  grammar  books,  especially  in  grammar books  written  by  Quirk  et  al  (1972,  1985),  Celce-Marcia  & Larsen-Freeman (1983), and Eastwood (2000). Quirk  et  al  (1985:810)  adopts  several  rules  to  explain  the  basic construction of the tag question: a. The  tag  question  is  made  up  of  two  elements:  an  operator  and  a subject,  such  as  in  that  order  (enclitic  n’t,  if  present,  is  attached  to  the operator):  is  he,  Didn’t  she,  can’t  I,  will  you.  In  the  formal  English expression,  we  usually  place  the  negative  particle  after  the  pronoun:  did they  not,  is  she  not.  That  position  is  often  seen  in  the  informal  English expression in Northern British English dialects.  b. The operator is generally in line with the operator of the preceding declarative sentence. E.g.  
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1.2 Comments on the Previous Studies on the Tag Question 

So  far,  we  have  retrospected  some  of  the  most  influential achievements  from  three  different  perspectives  in  the  studies  of  tag questions  at  home  and  abroad,  covering  the  angles  of  syntax,  seman本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。