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words within ECM? How can we use the conclusions of this study to instruct the polyseme teaching and translation activities?
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Chapter Two Literature Review

Ambivalent words, as defined in Chapter One, are the words which contain two opposite meanings in the same word form. They have been studied and noticed by both domestic and foreign scholars for a long tim e. In order to illustrate this phenomenon clearly, it is necessary for us to do the following steps. Firstly , we had better sort them into proper class ifications of sense relationship. Secondly, we will review previous studies about ambivalent phenomenon. Last but not least, it is necessary for us to find out the research gap by comparing the previous studies.

2.1. The Study on Semantic Features of Ambivalent Words
Through the definition of ambivalent words we get to know that ambivalent w ords have close relatedness to homonyms, antonyms and polysem es. There are m any controversies about which kind of sense relationship the am bivalent words belonging to. The author of this thesis holds that the ambivalent words are unique polysemes. There are a number of different types of lexical relations. A particular lexeme may be simu ltaneous in a num ber of these relations, so it may be more accurate to think of the lexicon as a network, rather than a listing of words as in a published dictionary . “The varieties of language are carried out by six sense relationships: homonymy, polysemy, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy and metonym y” (Saeed, J. I. 1997: 63). Here we mainly discuss relatedness and distinctions among homonymy, antonymy and polysemy. “It is usual for dictionaries to make a distinction between hom onymy and polysemy in the ordering of entries on the page “homonymous senses are given separate main headings, that is to say, they are related as separate words that have, accidentally , the same spelling and/or sound. Polysemous senses are li sted under a single m ain heading and treated as different meanings of the same word. The di stinction can be viewed either diachronically or synchronically. The more traditional distin ction is the diachronic one: hom onymous units are derived from distinct lexi cal sources, and their orthogra phical/ phonological identity is due either to the loss of an original distinction from the same lexical source, being the result of process of extension such as m etaphor and metonymy” (Croft, W & D. A. Cr use, 2006: 111 ). “There seem to be two m ain components in a construal of oppo siteness. The first of these is binarity; the second is there are only two directions of change between two states” (Croft, W & D. A. Cruse, 2006: 164). By comp aring the above definiti ons, we can sort the ambivalent words into unique polysemes.
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2.2. The Study on Ambivalent Words at Home
There are totally 1417 papers about am bivalent words in CNKI since 1978.The earliest scholar who studies the English ambivalent words m ay be Chen Zhongsheng (1980). He publishes a paper about am bivalent words in Chinese Comments on Translation. This paper lists some ambivalent phenomena about Chinese and English. Ch