时空中的寻访:沃特·惠特曼、约翰·缪尔、罗杰·迪肯作品中的树 [3]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2017-11-25编辑:lgg点击率:6368
论文字数:38475论文编号:org201711211908521913语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
关键词:英语毕业论文时间空间朝圣
摘要:本文是英语毕业论文,从空间的维度看,三位作家与树的互动过程具有相似性。他们分别通过上述三种方式在与树互动的过程中发现了自身的认知局限,同时充分发挥想象力给予树新的诠释。而从时间的维度探讨则发现,三位作家分别呈现出单调、复调和多声部的不同认知特点。
closer to nature. The contemporaries of Whitman as Matthiessen believed “havebeen trained to forget that the human body is itself the richest and raciest phrase-book” (36-37).Besides, according to William Major, the experience in nature for the rebuilding of his bodyshatters his mental outlook that nature is merely the prologue of a healthy democracy anddissolves at the same time the boundaries between himself and nature. His concept of natureslipped gradually from the machine as Karl Marx elaborated to a presence with inherency andorganism.I. Caresser of Lifeprinciple of his favourite poplar content with being among trees, flowers and all natural environs(Asselineau, I, 1999: 231-232). There he tried and managed to reawaken his paralyzed limbsthrough bending and pulling the saplings without violence and felt the sap circulated within hisvein. Due to his involvement in the “natural gymnasia” along with the fresh air, the sunbath andthe nakedness in nature, Whitman restored his health spiritually and physically. In this period,Whitman reiterated more than once that the rapport between people and nature “is not to berealized through eyes and mind only, but through the whole corporeal body, which I will not haveblinded or bandaged any more than the eyes” (Whitman, 807). The faculty of sense-perception issignificant to Whitman. It is interesting to denote, when it comes to it, that the current state ofhuman being’s sensuous organs owes a great deal to trees. Not for the needs to adapt to the lifeamong trees, our diurnal arboreal ancestors might not evolve and man might not be (Shepard,1925; Tudge, 2005). This adds to one more reason to fix my attention on trees. Hamlyn concludesthat it is the faculty that enables us to at least characterize and objectify things.
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II. Whitman’s Monotonic Perspective of Time for Trees
“The Oaks and I” is a passage on the interaction between Whitman and trees that lays bareWhitman’s concept of time. In each paragraph, Whitman indicated the chronotope at the outset.His encounter with the oak happened at 11 a.m. on September 5th, 1877 under a dense oak. Thetime with accuracy is the measure of his daily schedule. In the second paragraph, Whitmandepicted an idyllic scene, where the drizzling rain and the cloud emerged after the lull mentionedin the previous paragraph, indicating the passage of time, the time of his presence in nature.Whitman felt happy in solitude there and preferred to be alone in the place than accompanied byhis closest friends. His predilection to solitude in nature infers the harmony between the rhythm ofWhitman’s presence in nature and “the rhythm of nature” (Bakhtin, 2008: 229). Yet the scenewould not be as attractive as Whitman believed if seen in another temporal category. “The soundof an axe wielded at some distant wood-pile” demonstrates the existence of a practice of labour(Whitman, 1982: 809). It, as Bakhtin argued, brings in another sense of time, the time of collectivelabour, prisoning Whitman’s fellow city dwellers, who he took to heart invariably in thisautobiography. The time of “productive growth” is a time requiring the “collective labour”concerning for the future (Bakhtin, 207). In this chronotope, the protagonists are “most folks”,who would be so eager to glimpse tiptoe for the future rather than living in the present (Whitman,809). Consequently, Whitman presumed that the scene might be dull in their eyes.
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