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Education is the foundation of a nation and it can never be overstated. Accordingto Haveloc, a well-known international educator, “Education reform is any meaningfulchanges taking place in education.” Among various types of education at all levels,higher education is constantly and increasingly drawing the public attention. And “mostorganizational change, especially in universities, occurs through evolution of existingstructures rather than by a sharp break from past practices” (Edward, 1999: 26), whichindicates that the trend of higher education reform is a gradual and continuous process.

Over the last few decades, higher education institutions at home and abroad havewitnessed tremendous changes ranging from course development to administrativepractice as well as routines. Since the early twentieth century, some western universitieshave carried out reforms in regards of various aspects such as the enrollment system,the curriculum design, the facility improvement and the personnel administrationsystem. The world-renowned universities, for instance, Harvard University, havecultivated a unique management system which is now a prominent example to befollowed.

Meanwhile, universities in China have also gone through series of changes eversince the twentieth century and a remarkable achievement on internal managementsystem has been made accordingly during the course (Zhou, 2001:4-11). It isundeniable that a modern higher education administration system has been formed andwill continue to benefit the new generations. In 2005, the resolution of building DoubleFirst-rate universities in China was declared, which has undoubtedly strengthened theimportance of higher education system reform (Zhou, 2016:4).

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1.2 A Brief Analysis of the Source Text

Before the final confirmation of The Handbook for Faculty and AcademicAdministrators of the University of Pennsylvania as the source text, the translatorsearched and collected a range of faculty and administrative guides from numerousinternational university websites. After a careful comparison of the texts and a detaileddiscussion on the contents with the supervisor and a few native speakers of English, thetext of The Handbook for Faculty and Academic Administrators of the University ofPennsylvania was finally targeted.

The University of Pennsylvania (hereinafter Penn or UPenn) is a private IvyLeague research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is one of the nine colonialcolleges founded before the Declaration of Independence and the first institution ofhigher learning in the United States to refer to itself as a university. Benjamin Franklin,Penn’s founder, and the first president advocated an educational program that trainedleaders in commerce, government, and public service, etc. The university consists offour undergraduate schools which provide a combined 99 undergraduate programs inthe humanities, natural sciences, social sciences, business, and engineering, as well as twelve graduate and professional schools1. Penn is ranked No.19 in 2019 QS WorldUniversity Ranking2.

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