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p;reflection  and regarded  it  as  a  form  of  thinking.  In  his  opinion,  reflection  is  “active,  persistent  and careful  consideration  of  any  belief  and  supposed  form  of  knowledge  in  the  light  of grounds  that  support  it  and  the  further  conclusion  to  which  it  tends”  (1933:9).  He believed  that  teachers  are  not  passive  knowledge  transmitters  but  persons  who  can think  over  their  practice  critically,  give  reasonable  explanations  to  events  that  have happened,  analyze  specific  tasks  and  formulate  their  next  teaching  programmes. According to Dewey, three attitudes are crucial for a person to do reflection.
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2.2 The Theoretical Basis for Reflection 
In this section, the theoretical basis for reflection will be presented. The relevant theories are constructivist theory and humanism theory. Constructivist  theory  is  about  how  people  study  and  how  people  know knowledge.  From  the  point  of  constructivist  theory,  the  existing  knowledge  and  the experience  of  learners  should  be  regarded  as  the  foundation  for  active  construction. The centre of the constructivist learning is that learning is a constructive process and learners can construct knowledge actively. In the process of constructing knowledge, they can achieve the constructive purpose by themselves or seek help from classmates or  teachers.  Teachers’  teaching  reflection  has  a  relation  to  the  theory.  Reflection  is essential for knowledge construction. Constructivist learning takes the past experience as  the  basis.  And  reflection  is  a  method  to  perceive,  analyze,  and  refine  the  past experience. There are three kinds of constructivism. They are personal constructivism, critical constructivism and social constructivism.  According  to  personal  construct  theory,  learning  is  a  meaningful  constructive process.  Social  constructivism  focuses  on  the  cultural  and  social  influences.  In  real teaching  practice,  teachers  should  put  students  in  the  central  place.  Teachers  should act  as  guiders,  prompters  and  researchers  and  help  students  construct  their understanding  of  the  society.  The  critical  constructivism  focuses  on  the  rights  and equality in the process of learning. In the view of critical constructivism, knowledge is  not  absorbed  passively  by  individual  learners  through  communication  or  feelings. Knowledge  is  absorbed  by本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。