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rly same level within the organization.

9. Communication

It includes job situation, which involves spreading the information in any direction within the organization. Terms such as information of employee's status, information on new developments, information on company line of authority, suggestion system, etc, are used in literature to represent this factor.

10. Benefits

It includes those special phases of company policy, which attempts to prepare the worker for emergencies, illness, old age, also. Company allowances for holidays, leaves and vacations are included within this factor.

2.7 REASONS OF LOW JOB SATISFACTION

Reasons why employees may not be completely satisfied with their jobs:

1. Conflict between co-workers.

2. Conflict between supervisors.

3. Not being opportunity paid for what they do.

4. Have little or no say in decision making that affect employees.

5. Fear of losing their job.

2.8 EFFECTS OF LOW JOB SATISFACTION

1. HIGH ABSENTEEISM

Absenteeism means it is a habitual pattern of absence from duty or obligation.

If there will be low job satisfaction among the employees the rate of absenteeism will definitely increase and it also affects on productivity of organization.

In the above diagram line AB shows inverse relationship between job satisfaction and rate of turnover and rate of absenteeism.

As the job satisfaction is high the rate of both turns over and absenteeism is low and vise a versa.

2. HIGH TURNOVER

In human resource refers to characteristics of a given company or industry relative to the rate at which an employer gains and losses the staff.

If the employer is said to be have a high turnover of employees of that company have shorter tenure than those of other companies.

3.TRAINING COST INCREASES

As employees leaves organization due to lack of job satisfaction. Then Human resource manager has to recruit new employees. So that the training expenditure will increases.

Key parameters for Job Satisfaction

1. Training and Job Satisfaction-

Most of the literature in this area has focused on the impact of education and skills on job satisfaction rather than the effect of training as such. The relationship between skill acquisition and job satisfaction is not straightforward. First, there is the distinction between general and specific skills. The portability of general skills may raise job satisfaction as it is easier to move to other jobs where satisfaction is higher. In contrast, specific skills bind the worker to the firm and may reduce satisfaction by creating a barrier to exit as workers will lose a portion of the return on such skills if they move. This leads on to the question of the matching of individual skills and levels of education with job requirements. If workers are mismatched in terms of skill and education requirements, this may lower job satisfaction, as evidenced in the earlier literature.

In one of the few studies to focus on skilling, Allen and van der Velden (2001) differentiated between education and skill mismatches, finding only a weak relationship between the two. Importantly, they found a significant negative