政治委婉语及其修辞应用 [6]
论文作者:谢朝华论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-06编辑:黄丽樱点击率:10039
论文字数:5060论文编号:org200904061123135599语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:social functionpolitical euphemismrhetorical application社会功能政治委婉语修辞应用
,destroying crops was ‘defoliation’; the war itself was not a war but a ‘conflict’. These euphemisms form a framework to deceive,to hide the dirty business of war. And examples are everywhere: in 1983,after the U.S. sent its armed forces into Grenada,Reagan showed his irritation with reporters at their ‘frequent use of the word invasion. ‘This’, he said,‘was a rescue mission.’ Actually, it was Reagan himself who had first called it an invasion. In 1999,the U.S. government bombed Chinese embassy in Yugoslavia on purpose,but to conceal their guilt,they called the bombing ‘friendly fires’ and so on.
Sometimes, the invader even uses the cosmetic function of euphemisms to shirk one’s responsibility and keep themselves from being censured by the international public opinion. For example, the Japanese government was unwilling to admit its heinous crime in front of its civilians after its surrender in the World War Two. It even distorts the
history. In its history textbooks, “invade China” is misrepresented as “enter the mainland”, “massive killing in Nanjing city” which shocked the whole world was called as “occupy Nanjing city”. In the end of 20th century, NATO, in order to speed up the process of “the plan of eastward”, taking the Kosovo Crisis as an excuse, bombed Yugoslavia heavily, which last over two months. The unscrupulous bombing brought the Yugoslavians the material and mental loss. When countries all over the world blamed the NATO’s “robbery action”, in order to escape from it, NATO called the war as “humanitarian intervention”. The American Defense Minister WillianCohen denied the war against Yugoslavia on the News Release Meeting, and said euphemistically that, “We are certainly engaged in ‘hostilities’; we are engaged in ‘combat’. “American Secretary of state Madeleine Albright even called the “continuous bombing” of NATO against Yugoslavia as “NATO’s operation”, so that they could take the easier way to talk about the situation of Yugoslavia concerned by people all over the world.[7]
In international aspect, there are also some examples, which reflect the positive function of the political euphemisms. For instance, “the developing country” is referred to “the poor country” to avoid the problem of un-development and show the politeness, which is good for the cooperation between the countries all over the world. Another example, when different political systems are referred, people often use “the eastern countries “to refer to the socialist countries, such as China, and “the western countries” to the capitalist countries, such as America, so as to soften and avoid the conflict, and keep a harmonious atmosphere between the countries.
We can also see the use of political euphemisms used for politeness from the reports about “Nuclear Weapon Problem in Korean Peninsula”. The speaker of American White House Steve McClaren once emphasized on a News Release Meeting that, “the America’s attitude would never be changed, that is, we will continue to look for diplomatic resolution cooperating with the neighbor countries of Korean, but at the same time, we still keep all the other optional plans.” Richard Perle, the high-grade consultant of American Defense Department, who was visiting Moscow at that time, when he was interviewed by the local TV program about Nuclear Weapon Problem in Korean Peninsula, he said, “I don’t think (America) would solve the problem through use of force, but no one can ensure that it is impossible to use force. We
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